The achievements of RBI are:
(i) RBI is one of the best central banks in the world. RBI took proactive measures during glabal economic slowdown in 2008-09 to save Indian economy,
(ii) National Bank far Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) was once a subsidiary of RBI. It is the first af its kind in the entire world.
(iii) The demonetisation in 2016-17 was a grand success because of the leadership role of the RBI.

The non-performing asset (NPA) situation has been one of the contentious issue in the country over the last few years. Even though demonstration has been issueed. Recently, the issue of NPAs has been at the foremost of the banking fraternity's concerns in the last year. In the context of an ordinance issued by the government to provide more independence to the Rese~e Bank of India (RBI), it is important to understand what can really be done, considering that RBI has more powers to address this issue. The question for the RBI now is "How will it solve the problem?". While experts have commented on various measures, it would also be prudent to look across the border to China to see how to deal with this.
1. The first was to reduce risks by strengthening banks and spearheading reforms to the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) by reducing their level of debt.
2. The second important measure was enacting laws that allowed the creation of assets management companies, equity participation and most importantly asset-based securitization.
3. The third key measure that the China took was to ensure the government had the financial loss of the debt "discounted" and debts equity swaps were allowed in case of growth opportunity.
4. The fourth measure they took was producing incentives like tax breaks, exemption from administrative fees and transparent evaluation norms.
To conclude, it is important to look after some of the key measures taken by other countries to address the NPA issue. India should learn from it, especially is the context of valuations, securitization and more targeted NPA redresal mechanism.                                                                                                                                                                                                  

The methods which influence the total volume of credit in Indian economy are called quantitative or general methods. An increase in the first three measures will reduce the volume of money in circulation in India and vice versa.
i. Bank Rate Policy:
Bank rate refers to the rate at which the RBI rediscounts the bills given by the Scheduled banks.
ii. Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR):
It is the ratio of Cash reserves with the RBI kept by Scheduled bank in proportion to the total Time and Demand Liabilities with them.
iii. Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR):
It is the ratio of money and money equivalents kept within the bank in proportion to the total Time and Demand Liabilities with them.
IV. Open Market Operations:
The RBI directly buys or sells the securities and bills in the money market either to decrease or to increase the total volume of money.

(i) Indias' representative in the world Financial Institutions:
(1) In order to maintain consistency and harmony with international banking standards the RBI associated with the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS - Switzerland) since 1997.
(2) RBI represents Government of India in International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD i.e. World Bank) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) in which India is a member since 27th December, 1945.
(ii) Regulator and Supervisor of Indian Banking System:
(1) The broad guidelines for all banking operations in the country are formulated by the RBI.
(2) The RBI has power to issue licenses, control and supervise commercial banks under the RBI Act, 1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
(3) It conducts inspection of the commercial banks and calls for returns and other necessary information from them.
(iii) Monetary Authority:
(1) The RBI formulates, implements and monitors the monetary policy of the country in order to maintain price stability, controlling inflationary trends and economic growth. It provides advices to the Government concerning agricultural finance, resource mobilization for implementing plans and legislation affecting banking and credit and international finance.
(iv) Closely Monitoring Economic Parameters:
(1) Broad economic parameters such as employment level, price levels and production levels, trade cycles, foreign' investment flows, balance of payments, financial markets, etc., are closely monitored by the RBI in order to achieve economic stability and growth.
(2) The Board of Financial Supervision (a committee of the Central Board of Directors) of the RBI meets at least once in a month (at times every day) to closely monitor all these current developments in the country.
(v) Promptly Responding to New  Challenges:
(1) Whenever challenges arose before Indian Banking System, RBI promptly attend them by issuing Master Circulars and by organising committees to analyse, review and strengthen Indian Banking.
(2) A wealth of information can be found in every Master Circular or committee report.
(3) Example: Gopalakrishnan Committee on "Information security, Electronic Banking", April, 2010.

The RBI performs a wide range of promotional functions to support national objectives. They are discussed below:
(i) Nurturing Banking habits among the public:
(1) It is the responsibility of RBI to maintain the public confidence in the Banking System.
(2) It protects the depositors interest and aim at providing cost-effective banking services in order to include more people to avail banking services.
(3) It has also taken up the task of extending the banking system territorially and functionally to the unbanked areas.
(ii) Grievance settlement measures :
(1) RBI has appointed 20 (upto 2017) Banking Ombudsman in 20 state capitals.
(2) Banking Ombudsman scheme is a speedy and expensive forum for resolution of customer complaints relating to certain services rendered by banks in India.
(iii) Agricultural development:
(1) Agricultural industry is specified as priority sector by the RBI. The loan of all scheduled bank should consists of a percentage of loans to priority sector.
(2) It works in close association with NABARD to develop agriculture in India.
(iv) Promotion of small scale industries:
(1) Micro small and medium enterprises are included in the priority sector.
(2) All scheduled banks are required to open separate branches to specialise the financing of these industries.
(v) Facilitates Foreign Trade:
RBI has simplified the rules for credit to exporters, through which they can now get long term advance from banks.
(vi) Supports Cooperative Sector:
It helps co-operative banks by relaxing and providing indirect financing.