The most popular Sufi orders were Chistis, Suhrawardis, Qadiriyahs and Naqshbandis.

Buddhism and Jainism (apart from other heterodox religions such as Ajivika).

The prime Vedic gods were Indra, Varuna, Agni, etc.

Hindu-Muslim conflicts and prejudices by forging the feelings of solidarity and brotherhood between these two religious communities.

Mirabai became a devotee of Lord Krishna, left the palace and began singing her songs (bhajans) and preaching the path of love on God.

1. He preached equality before God. He rejected caste system, particularly the supremacy of Brahmins as the sole custodians of Hindu religion.
2. The people from the lower strata of the society became his followers.

1. Ramanujar expounded the philosophy known as Vishistadvaita, or qualified monism
2. His teaching qualified Adi Sankara's emphasis on absolute monism or the oneness of the 'supreme' and the 'souls'.

The terms Sufi, Wali, Darvesh and Fakir are used for Muslim saints who attempted to develop their intuitive faculties through ascetic exercises, contemplation, renunciation and self-denial.

1. Salvation which was previously considered attainable only by people of the first,three orders in the social hierarchy became available to everyone.
2. Bhakti movement provided women and members of the lower strata of the society an inclusive path to spiritual salvation.
3. Literature on devotional songs in regional languages became profuse.
4. The poet-saints of this movement championed a wide range of philosophical positions, ranging from theistic dualism of Dvaita to absolute monism of Advaita.

1. The most salient features of his teachings is denunciation of polytheism, idolatry,and caste.
2. He was equally unsparing in his condemnation of Muslim formalism.

1. The Bhakti movement, supported by the ruling kings, made a deep and lasting impact on all aspects: social, political, religious, cultural and linguistic.
2. Thus south India became the home of religious renaissance from the 7th to the 10th century

1. The bhakti reformers preached the principles of monotheism (oneness of God)
2. They believed in freedom from the cycle of life and death. They advocated that the salvation could be attained only by deep devotion and faith in God.
3. They emphasized the self-surrender for obtaining the bliss and grace of God.
4. Gurus could act as guides and preceptors.
5. They advocated the principle of Universal brotherhood.
6. They criticized idol worship.
7. They stressed the singing of hymns with deep devotion.
8. Arguing that all living beings, including humans, were god's children they strongly denounced caste system which divided people according to their birth.
9. They condemned ritualism, pilgrimages and fasts.
10 They did not consider any language as sacred and composed poems in the language of the common people.

1. Sufism had become an influential aspect of Islamic social life as it extended over almost the entire Muslim community.
2. Sufism represents the inward or esoteric side and the mystical dimension of Islam.
3. Sufi saints transcended religious and communal distinctions, and worked for promoting the interest of humanity at large.
4. The Sufis were a class of philosophers remarkable for their religious catholicity and tolarance.
5. Sufis regarded God as the supreme beauty and believed that one must admire it, take delight in His thought and concentrate his attention on Him only.
6. They believed that God is 'Mashuq' (beloved) and Sufis are the' Ashiqs' (lovers). Sufism crystallized into various 'Silsilahs' or orders.
7. The most popular Sufi orders were Chistis, Suhrawardis, Qadiriyahs and Naqshbandis.
8 Sufism took root in both rural and urban areas, arid exercised a deep social, political and cultural influence on the masses.
9. It rebelled against all forms of religious formalism, orthodoxy, falsehood and hypocrisy, and endeavored to create a new world order in which spiritual bliss was the ultimate goal.
10. At a time when struggle for political power was the prevailing trend, the Sufi saints reminded people of their moral obligations.
11. In a world torn by strife and conflict they tried to bring peace and harmony.
12 The most important contribution of Sufism is that it helped to blunt the edge of Hindu-Muslim conflicts and prejudices by forging the feelings of solidarity and brotherhood between these two religious communities.

Sufis regarded god as the supreme beauty.

A is correct, R is the correct explanation of A

Tuka ram was popularly known as the blind bard of Agra.

Mahendravarma Pallava I, a Jain by faith, persecuted those belonging to other religions.