i) Bad effects on the health of children
ii) Polluting the environment
iii) Violation of rules/regulations

i) Harming the environment
ii) Damaging the natural beauty
iii) Damaging the historical monuments
iv) Providing information to the people

The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 provides for three tier machinery for the redressal of consumer grievances :
a. District forum : This is established by the state government in each district. It shall consists of a chairman and two members appointed by the state Government. Only those complaints can be filed in the District Forum where the value of goods or service and the compensation claimed is upto rupees twenty lakhs. An appeal against the order of the District forum can be filed with the State Commission within 30 days.
b. State Commission : This is established by the Government in the state. It shall consist of a President who either is or has been a Judge of a High Court and two other members. All the three shall be appointed by the State Government. Only those complaints can be filed in the state commission where the value of goods or services and the compensation claimed exceed 20 lakhs but does not exceed Rs. 1 Crore. An appeal against the order of the state commission can be filed before the National Commission within 30 days.
c. National Commission : This is established by the Central Govt. It shall consist of a President who is or has been a judge of the Supreme Court and four other members. All shall be appointed by the Central Govt. All the complaints where the value of goods or services and the compensation sought is more than rupees I crore can be filed with the National Commission. An appeal against the order the National Commission can be filed before the Supreme Court within 30 days.

Government of India has provided various laws and legislations to protect the interest of consumer and some of these regulations are:
1. The Consumer Protection Act 1986
2. The Contract Act 1982
3. The Sale of Goods Act 1930
4. The Essential Commodities Act 1955
5. The Agricultural Produce (Grading and Marking) Act 1937
6. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act 1954
7. The Standard of Weights and Measures Act 1976
8. The Trade Mark Act 1999
9. The Competition Act 2002
10. The Bureau of Indian Standard Act 1986

Meaning : It is a set of task or activities, which is concerns with the design and production of an appropriate container for the product. Followings are the function of packaging
1. Protection : It protects the product from damage which it may suffer on the way to the market. Appropriate packaging save the product from sun, moisture, breakage etc.
2. Identification : With the help of packaging, product can be easily identified. from the unique battle or coke one can easily identify it from other.
3. Convenience : Packaging the convenience both for middleman and consumer.
4. Promotion : Packaging play an important role of silent salesman. Throng packaging good should be attractive and it induce consumers to make a purchase.
5. Innovation : BY developing innovative package the marketer can capture new customer segment.

1. Short and simple : Brand name should be short and simple long and complex word should be avoided because they are difficult to read and remember.
2. Suggestive : Brand name should be suggestive because they can convey the product quality or benefits. e.g. Hajmola suggests digestive.
3. Meaning of brand name : Brand name should be selected after considering its meaning in other languages and cultures. Some words are perfect in one country but have be inappropriate in other country e.g,. In India Ambassador car (Nora) French meaning who cannot run.
4. Easy to Pronounce : Brand name should be easy pronounceable.
5. Brand name should be adoptable to packing and labeling.

Means for protecting consumers in India are given below :-
a) Publicity : All India Radio and Doordarshan telecast regular programmes on consumer protection. Film documentaries and video documentaries have been prepared to educate consumers. The Ministry publishes a quarterly journal ‘Upbhokta Jagaran’ directories and brochures on consumer affairs. World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated on 15th March every year.
b) Awards : Government of India offers awards to youth and women in order to encourage their participation in consumer protection. c) Consumer welfare fund : Govt. of India has created a fund for the welfare of consumers. This fund is to be utilized on consumer education, training and research in consumer education, setting up counseling, guidance and complaint handling facilities, setting up of product testing laboratories, etc.
c) Lok adakats : In a lok adalat the aggrieved consumer can directly present his grievance. The officials of the concerned firm discuss the matter and take appropriate decisions. This method saves time and money of people. It is a speedy and economical redressal system. Delhi Development Authority, Delhi Transport Corporation, Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited and India Railways organize lok adalats from time to time.

The various responsibilities of a consumer are:
(a) Must exercise his/her rights. Consumers must be aware of their own rights with regard to the products or services they buy from the markets and should exercise them whenever required.
(b) Cautious consumer. The consumer must be cautious before purchasing, any good or service. He must insist on getting full information on the quality, quantity, utility, price, etc. of the good or service. This will ensure a better purchase.
(c) Filing complaints. Sometimes, consumers ignore the loss incurred believing that the loss is small but this attitude encourages corrupt business practices to continue. So, a consumer should file complaints for the redressal of genuine grievances.
(d) Quality conscious. A consumer must be quality conscious. He should look for quality certification marks like IS!, Agmark, FPO, Woolmark, etc. while making purchases.
(e) Insist on cash memo. A consumer must ask for cash memo from the shopkeeper because if there is any defect in the goods purchased and consumer has to make a complaint, the cash memo must be there as a proof of purchase. A seller is always bound to give a cash memo.
(f) Advertisements often exaggerate. Consumers should compare the uses of the product given in the advertisement copy and the actual product. Any discrepancy should be brought to the notice of the sponsor of the advertisement.
(g) Honest in dealings. A consumer must choose only legal goods and services to discourage unscrupulous practices like black marketing, hoarding etc.
(h) Use products as per manufacturer's instructions. Consumers should learn about the risks associated with products and services, so a consumer must follow manufacturer's instructions to use the products safely.

Meaning : Sales promotion refers to short term inventions which are designed to encourage the buyers to make immediate purchase of a product or service tools.
(i) Rebates : Offering products at special prices to clear off excess inventory.
(ii) Dis Counts : Certain percentage of price is rented as discount from the 1st price.
(iii) Refunds : Refunding a part of prize pend by customer on producing some proof of purchase.
Example : A toothpaste manufacturer may offer to refund Rs 5 on sending the empty cover of the pack.
(iv) Product combinations : Offering another product as gift along with the purchase of a product. as gift along with the purchase of a product.
Example :
1.Shakti Bhog Atta’s offer of a pack of rice with a bag of atta.
2.Get 64 MB memory card free with a Nokia cell phone.
3. 100 gm bottle of sauce free with 1 Kg detergent.
(v) Quantity gift : Offering extra quantity of the product.
Example :
1. ‘Buy three get one free’ offer currently available for soaps like Nirma and Lux No. 1.
2. ’50 grams extra’ free offe rof Fena or 555 detergent bar.
3. Dettol shaving cream’s offe rof ‘40% Extra’.
4. ‘Buy 2 get 1 free offer of Peter England on shirts.
(vi) Sampling : It means giving free sample of product to the customer. These are done to make customers try the product and learn about it. Example : HLL did extensive sampling of their Surf Excel when the brand was initially launched.
(vii) Contests : Consumers are required to participate in some competitive events involving application of skills or luck and winners are given some reward. Example : Harvest Gold, maker of ‘premium Bread’ usually have children drawing competitions.
(viii) Lucky draw : For example, lucky draw coupon on puchase of easy undergarment and win a car offer.
(ix) Packed premium :In this type of sales promotion, marketers pack some gifts inside the product package. The gifts create a lure to buy the product.
(x) Usable benefit : For example, ‘Purchase goods worth Rs 3,000 and get a holiday package worth Rs. 1,000 free’.
(xi) Container premium : This category of sales promotions is also very popular with the marketers of products like milk additives, jams, now even detergents and soaps. In these schemes, the marketer devises special containers for packaging the product which could be used by the customer for some use.

Following factors influence choice of medium of advertisement. The success of an advertisement depends upon the media used. Therefore, due care should be taken in selecting the media of advertising. While choosing an appropriate advertising media, following factors should be kept in view :
(i) Selectivity : This refers to the ability of a medium to reach a particular audience. Illiterate and poor people can be approached through radio, films and television. Newspaper, magazines, outdoor displays and direct mail may be used to convey the message to the educated.
(ii) Coverage : This refers to the size of audience the medium can reach. Advertising in local market can be done profitably through local newspapers, films and outdoor displays. Newspapers, magazines and direct mail are more appropriate media for advertising in national and international markets.
(iii) Flexibility : It refers to the speed and ease with which an advertisement can be placed in a medium, changed or deleted. For example, it is very difficult to change an advertisement given on TV. But it is easier to do so on posters newspapers, etc.
(iv) Cost :It refers to the payment or charges for buying a certain amount of time or space. Therefore, amount of funds available for advertising and the cost of the media are important considerations.
(v) Editorial environment : It refers to the nature of information or entertainment material that surrounds the advertisement. Consumer products such a as toothpaste, cold drinks, soaps, etc. should be advertised through newspapers, radio films and outdoor displays. On the other hand, industrial goods like raw materials, tools, machinery, etc. can be advertised better in technical and professional magazines.
(vi) Performance : This refers to the durability of the medium.
(vii) Objectives of advertising : When the objective is to introduce a new product or to fight competition, a combination of various media may be used.
(viii) Media used by competitors : The media used by competitors also influences the choice of the advertising media.
(ix) Type of message : Small advertisements can be given economically in radio, TV. etc. But for large advertisements, newspapers, magazines and films are more appropriate.

Yes I agree with this statement
1. Its encourage to customers to buy the product when they do not really need.
2. It destroys old models of goods.
3. Increase the cost of product
4. It confuse the customers.
5. Some advertisement is not suitable for children and women.

Meaning :— It involves face to face interaction between the sellar and the prospective buyers sales person as certain customers needs, identifies right product, communicates product features benefits and help him buy the product.
I. Importance to Businessman
1. Consumer attention : When seller does the talking, the buyer cannot be totally aloof to what is being communicated. the buyer has to listen and pay attention.
2. Lasting relationship : Personal selling allows a salesperson to develop personal relationships with the prospective customers, which may personal relationships with the prospective customers, which may become important in making sales
3. Role in introduction stage : Personal selling plays very important role in the introduction stage of a new product as it helps in persuading customers about the merits of the product.
II. Importance of Customers : The role of personal selling becomes more important for the illiterate the rural customers who do not have many other means of getting product information.
1. Helps in improving standards of living of customers by inducing them to purchase new products that satisfy their needs in a better way.
2. Consumer get latest market information : regarding price changes, product availability and new product introduction, which help them in taking the purchase decisions in a better way.
3. Helps the customers in identifying their need and wants and in knowing how these can best be satisfied.
4. Customers get expert advice in purchasing various goods and services.
III. Importance of Society
1. Converts latent demand into effective demand, leading to more products and services and hence economic growth of the nation.
2. Employment opportunities : Personal selling provides attractive career with greater opportunities to the unemployed youth.
3. Career opportunities : Personal selling provides attractive career with greater opportunities for advancement and job satisfaction as well as security, respect and independence to young men and women.
4. Mobility of sales people : There is a greater degree of mobility in sales people, which promotes travel and tourism in the country.
5. Product standardization : Personal selling increase product standardization and uniformity in consumption pattern in advisers society.

A label identifies the product or brand. It helps to provide identification and some information to the customers. Functions of Labelling
1. Helps in identifying the product or brand : The label helps the customers to identify the product from the various types available. For example, we can easily identify a Cadbury chocolate from the various chocolates kept in the shelf of a shop by the colour of its label.
2. Helps in grading the products into different categories : With the help of lable, products can be graded in different categories. For example, Brook Bond Red Lable, Brook Bond Yellow Label, Green Label, etc.
3. Carrier of information : The manufacturer cannot communicate to each and every customer personally. So, if he wants to communicate and each and every customer personally. So, if he wants to communicate and share some information about the product with the customer, it is done through labels. The manufacturer prints all the information related to product such as the contents, price, instructions to use, etc. For example, pack of Maggie Noodles describe the procedure of cooking noodles.
4. Legal requirement : Labelling performs the function of providing information required by law. Examples :
The statutory warning on the package of cigarette, “Smoking is injurious to Health”. In case of hazardous or poisonous material, appropriate safety warning needs to be put on the label.

The need for Consumer Protection arises due to following reasons :-
A. From Consumer Point of view :
a. Consumer Ignorance : In India, incidence of poverty and level of illiteracy high. Therefore it become necessary to educate them about the pure and adulterer goods so as to achieve consumer awareness.
b. Unorganized Consumers : In India consumer have yet not organized themselves in the form of consumer organizations. Therefore, adequate protection is required to be given to consumers till these organizations become powerful enough.
c. Widespread Exploitation of Consumer : Consumers can be exploited by unfair trade practices like defective and unsafe products, false and misleading advertisements etc.
B. From Business Point of view
a. Long term interest of the business : Enlightened business man only realizes that it is in their long interest to satisfy customers because they can only lead to repeated sales.
b. Social Responsibility : A business has social responsibilities towards various interest groups including consumers. Thus, consumers like other stakeholders; their interest has to be well taken care of.
c. Moral Justification : It is the moral duty of any business to take care of consumer’s interests and avoid any form of their exploitation and unfair trade practices.
d. Government Interventions : A business engaging in any form of exploitative trade practices would invite government interventions or action. This would tarnish the image of the company.