Improving communication effectiveness:
Organisation adopt suitable measures to overcome the barriers and improve communication effectiveness. some measures to improve communication effectiveness
(i) Clarify the ideas before communicating: The message to be conveyed should be clear in all aspects. It should be analysed in depth and stated in precise and simple words
(ii) Communicate according to the needs of receiver: The communication should know the level of understanding and education level of the receiver, and communicate accordingly
(iii) Consult others before communicating: Participation and involvement of subordinates may help in getting acceptance and cooperation of subordinates.
(iv) Communicate for the present as well as for the future: Besides meeting the present commitments, communications should also aim at future goals of the enterprises
(v) Follow-up communication: Regular follow-up and review of the instructions given, help in removing hurdles in implementing the instructions
(vi) Be a good listener: Attentive and patient listening on the part of the management will encourage employees to communicate freely

Importance of communication
An effectiveness of a manager depends on his ability to communicate with his subordinates. Therefore communication is important because of the following reason 
1) Acts as a basis of coordination: communication act as a basis for coordination. It helps in coordinating the activities of various departments and persons in an organisation.
2) Helps in the smooth working of an enterprise:  Communication ensures smooth functioning of an enterprise. An existence of an organisation depends fully on communication i.e. Transmitting information. when communication stops, organised activity cease to exist.
3) Acts as a basis for decision-making:  Communication provides needed information for decision-making. In its absence, it may not be possible for managers to take a decision . Thus, it serves as a basis for decision-making
4)Increase managerial efficiency: Various functions of managers like providing information, instructions, allocating jobs, the resource would not be possible in the absence of communication. Thus, communication is essential for effective performance of managerial functions
5) Promotes cooperation and industrial peace: Effective operation is only possible when there is industrial peace in the factory and mutual cooperation between workers and manager. Two-way communication promotes cooperation and mutual understanding between them.
6) Establishes effective leadership: communication is the basis of leadership. A good leader must possess efficient communication skills for influencing the behaviour of subordinates.
7) Boost morale and provides motivation:  Good and effective communication enables managers to motivate, influence and satisfy the employee to adjust in the physical and social aspect of work, which boosts their morale and motivates them to perform better.

No, Leadership is required for all in an organisation.
The importance of leadership:
Leadership is a key factor in making an organisation successful, because of the following benefits
1)Influences the behaviour of people: Influences the behaviour of people and contribute their energies for the benefit of the organisation.
2)Provides confidence: A leader maintains personal relations and helps his followers in fulfilling their needs, He provide confidence, support and encouragement to his followers.
3) Introduces changes: leaders plays a key role in introducing required changes in the organisation. They help in solving the problem of 'resistance to change' by inspiring and persuading employees to accept the changes.
4) Handles conflicts: A good leader helps in solving the conflicts, allows his follower to ventilate their feeling and disagreements, and persuades them by giving suitable clarification.
5) Provides training: Leaders provides training to their subordinates. in order to make them efficient and to facilitate a smooth succession process

Leadership may be defined as the process of influencing the behaviour of people by making them strive voluntarily towards the achievement of goals.
Certain qualities of traits possessed by individuals help them to become successful leaders These qualities are
I) Physical qualities: A good leader must possess a good height, weight, height and appearance. Health and endurance help a leader to work hard and inspire others also to do so.
2) Knowledge: A good leader should have required knowledge and competence so that he can influence others.
3) Integrity: A leader should possess high level of integrity and honesty so that he can be a role model to others
4) Initiative: A leader should have courage and initiative to do things on his own, rather than waiting for others to do it first.
5)  Communication skills: A leader should be a good communicator. He Should be able to clearly explain his views to others. He should not only be a good speaker But a good listener, researcher and counsellor.
6) Motivation skills: A leader should understand the needs of his employees and motivate them by satisfying their needs
7) Self-confidence: A leader should have a high level of confidence. He should not lose confidence even in the most difficult times.
8) Decisiveness: A leader must be decisive in the sense that once he has taken a decision, he should be firm on it
9) Social skills: A leader should be sociable and friendly with his colleagues and followers so that he can understand them and their needs.

Leadership may be defined as the process of influencing the behaviour of people by making them strive voluntarily towards the achievement of goals.
Certain qualities of traits possessed by individuals help them to become successful leaders These qualities are
I) Physical qualities: A good leader must possess a good height, weight, height and appearance. Health and endurance help a leader to work hard and inspire others also to do so.
2) Knowledge: A good leader should have required knowledge and competence so that he can influence others.
3) Integrity: A leader should possess high level of integrity and honesty so that he can be a role model to others
4) Initiative: A leader should have courage and initiative to do things on his own, rather than waiting for others to do it first.
5)  Communication skills: A leader should be a good communicator. He Should be able to clearly explain his views to others. He should not only be a good speaker But a good listener, researcher and counsellor.
6) Motivation skills: A leader should understand the needs of his employees and motivate them by satisfying their needs
7) Self-confidence: A leader should have a high level of confidence. He should not lose confidence even in the most difficult times.
8) Decisiveness: A leader must be decisive in the sense that once he has taken a decision, he should be firm on it
9) Social skills: A leader should be sociable and friendly with his colleagues and followers so that he can understand them and their needs.

Financial incentives: It refers to those incentives, which are in direct monetary form or measurable in monetary terms and used to motivate employees for better performance. some of the important incentives are listed below:
(i) Pay and allowance; For every employee, salary is the basic monetary incentives. It includes basic pay, dearness allowance, House rent allowance, etc. some organisation provide pay hikes and increments for better performance.
(ii) Productivity linked wage incentive; In this incentives, rewards are given to an employee as a percentage of sales achieved. Its advantage is is that reward is directly related to performance.
(iii) Bonus; It is a one time reward for high-performance.bonus may be paid in cash or kind over and above the salary, e.g.performance bonus, 100% attendance bonus, festive bonus, etc
(iv) Profit sharing; It means to provide employees, a share in the profits of the enterprises. This is in addition to their wages/salaries, which motivates them to improve performance and profits in future. It is a group incentive scheme used to improve productivity and profitability.
(v) Retirement benefits; Several retirement benefits such as provident fund, Pension, gratuity are provided to the employee as a financial security after retirement.

Principles of directing provide good and effective directing. Following points will illustrate the same:
(i) Appropriateness of direction technique - According to the principle, a manager must use appropriate leadership and motivational techniques to direct diverse individuals according to their needs, capabilities and attitudes.
While some individuals get motivated by financial incentives, other might look for non-financial incentives. to improve performance
(ii) Effective leadership - Managers should act as leaders so that they can influence the activities of their subordinates without dissatisfying them. As leaders, they should guide and council subordinates in their personal problems too. so that they can win the confidence of their subordinates.
(iii) Managerial communication - A good system of communication between the superior and his subordinates helps to improve mutual understanding upward communication enables a manager to understand the subordinates and gives an opportunity to the subordinates to gets proper feedback.

Principles of directing provide good and effective directing. Following points will illustrate the same :
(i) Appropriatesness of directin technique - According to the principle, a manager must use appropriate leadership and motivational techniques to direct diverseindividuals according to their needs, capabilities and attitudes.
While some individuals get motivated by financial incentives, other might look for non-financial incentives. to improve performance
(ii) Effective leadership - Managers should act as leaders, so that they can influence the activities of their subordinates withouts dissatisfying them. As leaders, they should guide and council sub-ordinates in their personal problems too. so that they can win the confidence of their subordinates.
(iii) Managerial communication - A good system of communication between the superior and his subordinates helps to improve mutual understanding upward communication enables a manager to understand the sunordinates and gives an opportunity to the subordinates to get s proper feedback.

Supervisors can be defined as overseeing people at work and giving instruction to ensure optimum utilisation of resource. The importance of supervisor/supervision can be understood by analysing the following function of a supervisor