Chemistry in Everyday Life

Download CBSE Class 12th Standard CBSE Chemistry question papers, sample papers, important questions, and previous year solved papers in PDF format. Get free study materials, NCERT solutions, and exam preparation resources for Class 12th Standard CBSE Chemistry

Questions:

1 Marks

4 x 1 = 4

Define the following and give one example: Tranquilizers

Describe and illustrate with an example, a detergent.

Name a food preservative which is most commonly used by food producers.

Write the name of an antacid which is often used as a medicine.

Generic 2

3 x 2 = 6

What are main constituents of dettol ?

Name a substance which canbe used as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant.

Describe the following substances with one suitable example of each type:
(i) Non-ionic detergents
(ii) Disinfectants

Generic 3

5 x 3 = 15

(i) Pick out the odd one from among the following on the basis of their medicinal properties mentioning the reason: Luminal, Seconal, Phenacetin, Equanil.
(ii) Give an example of a substance that can act as a disinfectant as well as antiseptic depending upon its concentration. (Specify concentration)
(iii) Name any two macromolecules chosen as drug targets.

(i) Give two examples of macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.
(ii) What are antiseptics? Give an example.
(iii) Why is the use of aspartame limited to cold foods and soft drinks?

10.

What are anionic detergents ? Give an example how are they prepared? Write their two main uses.

11.

How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each.

12.

Explain the following terms with one example in each case:
(i) Food preservatives
(ii) Enzymes
(iii) Detergents

Multiple Choice Question

4 x 1 = 4

13.

Which is the correct statement about birth control pills ?

(a)

Contain estrogen only

(b)

Contain progesterone only

(c)

Contrain a mixture of estrogen and progesterone derivatives

(d)

Progesterone enhances ovulation.

14.

Antiseptic chloroxylenol is

(a)

4-chloro-3, 5-dimethylphenol

(b)

3-chloro-4, 5-dimethylphenol

(c)

4-chloro-2, 5-dimethylphenol

(d)

5-chloro-3, 4-dimethylphenol

15.

Which of the following is not a broad spectrum antibiotic ?

(a)

tetracycline

(b)

chloromycetin

(c)

penicillin

(d)

none of these

16.

Which of the following antacids is an antihistamine ?

(a)

Ranitidine

(b)

Lansoprazole

(c)

Terfenadine

(d)

Luminal

Match the following

7 x 1 = 7

17.

Sodium benzoate

18.

Chemical messenger

19.

Agonists

20.

Antagonists

21.

C₁₇H₃₅COO^-Na⁺ + Na₂CO₃ + Rosin

22.

CH₃(CH₂)₁₆COO(CH₂CH₂O)₁₁CH₂CH₂OH

23.

Soap chips

Generic 5

2 x 5 = 10

24.

On the occasion of world health day, Dr. Satpal organized a 'Health Camp' for poor farmers living in a near village. After check up, he was shocked to see the most of the farmers suffered from cancer due to regular exposure to pesticides and many were diabetic. They distributed free medicines to them. Dr. Satpal immediately reported the matter to the National Human Right Commission (NHRC). On the suggestion of NHRC, the government decided to provide medical care, financial assistance, setting up of super-speciality hospitals for treatment and prevention of the deadly disease in the affected villages all over India.
(i) Write the values shown by :
(a) Dr. Satpal
(b) NHRC
(ii) What type of analgesics are chiefly used for the relief of pains of terminal cancer?
(iii) Give an example of artificial sweetener that could have been recommended to diabetic patients.

25.

Due to hectic and busy schedule, Mr. Angad made his life full of tensions and anxiety. He started taking sleeping pills to overcome the depression without consulting the doctor. Mr. Deepak, a close friend of Mr. Angad, advised him to stop taking sleeping pills and and suggested to change his lifestyle by doing yoga, meditation and some physical exercise. Mr. Angad followed his friend's advice and after few days he started feeling better. After rearing the above passage, answer the following:
(i) What are the values (at least two) displayed by Mr. Deepak?
(ii) Why is it not advisable to take sleeping pills without consulting doctor?
(iii) What are tranquilizers? Give two examples.

Visit QB365-SLMS - https://www.qb365.in/slms/

Answers Key:

1 Marks

4 x 1 = 4

()
Tranquilizers: Those drugs which reduce anxiety and produce a feeling of well being, e.g., Equanil, seconal, etc.

()
They are sodium or potassium salts of sulfonated long chain hydrocarbons e.g., sodium alkyl benzene sulphonate i.e., sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate.

()
Common salt is used as food preservative.

()
Ranitidine or NaHCO₃ or a mixture of Al(OH)₃ and Mg(OH)₂ is used as antacid.

Generic 2

3 x 2 = 6

Chloroxylenol and \(\alpha -\) terpineol in a suitable solvent.

0.2% solution of phenol acts an antiseptic while is 1% solution acts as a disinfectant.

(i) Non-ionic detergents: Some of the detergents are non-ionic, like the esters of high molecular mass formed by reactions between polyethylene glycol and stearic acid. They do not contain any ion in their constitution.

Some liquid dishwashing detergents are of non-ionic type.
(ii) Disinfectants: They kill micro-organisms but are not safe for contact with living tissues.These are applied to inanimate objects such as floor, instruments, walls, etc. 2% solution of phenol acts as disinfectant, 0.2 to 0.4 parts per million is used for disinfecting drinking water and low concentration of SO, is used for sterilising squashes for preservation.

Generic 3

5 x 3 = 15

(i) Phenacetin is an antipyretic, while the rest are tranquillizers.
(ii) Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids.
(iii) 0.2% solution of phenol acts as antiseptic whereas 1% solution of phenol acts as a disinfectant.

(i) Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids
(ii) Antiseptics are the chemical substances which are used to kill or prevent the growth of microbes, e.g., Dettol/Iodoform/Boric acid/phenol (or any other correct example).
(iii) Because it is unstable at cooking temperature.

10.

Anionic detergents: Long chain alcohols are used in the manufacture of some of the synthetic anronic detergents. The long chain alcohols are treated with concentrated sulphuric acid to form alkyl hydrogen sulphates of high molecular mass and finally alkyl sulphates are neutralised with alkali to form salts, eg.
Sodium lauryl sulphonate is example of anionic detergent.
Preparation:
\(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{10} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \longrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{10} \mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{OSO}_{3} \mathrm{H} \stackrel{\mathrm{NaOH}}{\longrightarrow} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{10} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OSO}_{3}^{-} \mathrm{Na}^{2}\)
Lauryl akchol Lauryl sulphonate Sodium lauryl sulphonate (Anionic detergent)
It is called anionic detergent because large part of the molecule is anion. The single anionic detergent in largest use today in household detergents is alkylbenzene sulphonate. Uses: They are effective in acidic solutions whereas soap are not effective due to formation of insoluble fatty acids. Anionic detergents are also used in toothpastes.

11.

Antiseptics: These are chemicals which kill or prevent the growth of micro-organisms. They are applied to living tissues.
Disinfectants: They kill microorganisms but are not safe for contact with living tissues. 0.2% solution of phenol is antiseptic. 2% solution of phenol is disinfectant.

12.

(i) Food Preservatives: Those chemicals which prevent undesirable changes in flavour, colour, texture and appetitic appeal during storage are called preservatives. They delay these changes and prevent spoilage of food due to microbial growth. The most common preservative is sodium benzoate, C₆H₅COONa.
(ii) Enzymes: Enzymes are biological catalyst which catalyse biochemical reations, e.g., invertase catalyses hydrolysis of sugar (sucrose).
(iii) Detergents: They are sodium or potassium salts of sulphonic acids, eg., sodium alkylbenzene sulphonate.

Multiple Choice Question

4 x 1 = 4

13.

14.

(a)
4-chloro-3, 5-dimethylphenol

15.

16.

(a)
Ranitidine

Match the following

7 x 1 = 7

17.

()
Preservative

18.

()
Communicate message between two neurons and that between neutrons to muscles

19.

()
Mimic the natural messenger

20.

()
Bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function

21.

()
Laundry soap

22.

()
Nonionic detergent

23.

()
small broken pieces of soap formed from melted soaps

Generic 5

2 x 5 = 10

24.

(i) (a) Dr. Satpal displayed values like willingness to helps, concern, acute intelligence etc.
(b) NHRC displayed values like helping people, ensure right to people, social responsibility etc.
(ii) Narcotic analgesics like morphine in limited dose are chiefly used for the relief of pains of terminal cancer.
(iii) Saccharin could have been recommended.

25.

(i) Aware, concerned or any other correct two values.
(ii) It is not advisable to take sleeping pills without consulting doctor because it may have various side effects on the body and unknown health problems.
(iii) TranquiIizers are the drugs which act on CNS and help in reducing anxiety and mental tension are called as tranquilizers. Example: Valium, equanil (or any other example)