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Published on: 27/11/2019
Theory of Equations
Download Tamil Nadu 12th Standard Maths question papers, model tests, one-mark questions, important questions, and public exam papers in PDF format. Free study materials and answer keys for TN State Board students.
Questions + Answers key
Take MCQ Maths Test1.
Solve: \({ (5+2\sqrt { 6 } ) }^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }+{ (5-2\sqrt { 6 } ) }^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }=10\)
2.
Solve: 2x+2x-1+2x-2 = 7x+7x-1+7x-2
3.
Find the number of real solutions of sin (ex) -5x + 5-x
4.
Find a polynomial equation of minimum degree with rational coefficients, having \(\sqrt{5}\)−\(\sqrt{3}\) as a root.
5.
Form a polynomial equation with integer coefficients with \(\sqrt { \frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ \sqrt { 3 } } } \) as a root.
6.
Find the sum of the squares of the roots of ax4+ bx3+ cx2+ dx + e = 0. \(a \neq 0\)
7.
Solve: (2x2 - 3x + 1) (2x2 + 5x + 1) = 9x2.
8.
If a, b, c, d and p are distinct non-zero real numbers such that (a2+b2+c2) p2-2 (ab+bc+cd) p+(b2+c2+d2)≤ 0 then prove that a, b, c, d are in G.P and ad = bc
9.
Examine for the rational roots of x8- 3x + 1 = 0
10.
Form the equation whose roots are the squares of the roots of the cubic equation x3+ ax2+ bx + c = 0.
11.
Find x If \(x=\sqrt { 2+\sqrt { 2+\sqrt { 2+....+upto\infty } } } \)
12.
Find value of a for which the sum of the squares of the equation x2 - (a- 2) x - a -1 = 0 assumes the least value.
13.
If x2+2(k+2)x+9k = 0 has equal roots, find k.
14.
Show that the equation 2x2− 6x +7 = 0 cannot be satisfied by any real values of x.
15.
If \((2+\sqrt{3})^{x^{2}-2 x+1}+(2-\sqrt{3})^{x^{2}-2 x-1}=\frac{2}{2-\sqrt{3}}\) then x = _________
0, 2
0, 1
0, 3
0, √3
16.
The equation \(\sqrt { x+1 } -\sqrt { x-1 } =\sqrt { 4x-1 } \) has ____________
no solution
one solution
two solution
more than one solution
17.
18.
A polynomial equation in x of degree n always has
n distinct roots
n real roots
n complex roots
at most one root
19.
If f and g are polynomials of degrees m and n respectively, and if h(x) = (f o g)(x), then the degree of h is
mn
m+n
mn
nm
1.
Put 5+2√6 = y; Then 5-2√6 = \(\frac{1}{y}\)
∴ The given equataion becomes,
\({ y }^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }+{ \left( \frac { 1 }{ y } \right) }^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }=10\)
Put \({ y }^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }=z ...(1)\)
\(\Rightarrow z+\frac { 1 }{ z } =10\Rightarrow { z }^{ 2 }-10z+1=0\)
\(\Rightarrow z=\frac { 10\pm \sqrt { 100-4 } }{ 2 } =5\pm 2\sqrt { 6 } \)
\(\therefore (5+2\sqrt { 6 } )^{ { x }^{ 2 }-3 }=5\pm 2\sqrt { 6 } ={ (5\pm 2\sqrt { 6 } ) }^{ \pm 1 } \)
⇒x2- 3 = 1 or x2- 3 = -1
⇒ x2 = 4 or x2 = 2
⇒ x = 土2 or x = 土 √2
∴ The roots are 2, -2, √2, -√2
2.
The given equation can be written as
\({ 2 }^{ z }\left( 1+\frac { 1 }{ 2 } +\frac { 1 }{ 4 } \right) ={ 7 }^{ x }\left( 1+\frac { 1 }{ 7 } +\frac { 1 }{ 49 } \right) \)
\(\Rightarrow { 2 }^{ x }\left( \frac { 8+4+2 }{ 8 } \right) ={ 7 }^{ x }\left( \frac { 49+7+1 }{ 49 } \right) \)
\(\Rightarrow { 2 }^{ x }\left( \frac { 7 }{ 4 } \right) ={ 7 }^{ x }\left( \frac { 57 }{ 49 } \right) \Rightarrow \frac { 7 }{ 4 } \times \frac { 49 }{ 57 } =\frac { { 7 }^{ x } }{ { 2 }^{ x } } \)
\(\Rightarrow \frac { 7 }{ 4 } \times \frac { 49 }{ 57 } ={ \left( \frac { 7 }{ 4 } \right) }^{ x }\Rightarrow \frac { { 7 }^{ 3 } }{ 4\times 57 } ={ \left( \frac { 7 }{ 4 } \right) }^{ x }\)
\(\Rightarrow xlog\left( \frac { 7 }{ 4 } \right) =3log\ 7-log4-log57\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac { 3log7-log4-log57 }{ log\left( \frac { 7 }{ 2 } \right) } \)
3.
Given sin (ex) -5x + 5-x
We have \({ 5 }^{ x }+{ 5 }^{ -x }={ ({ 5 }^{ \frac { x }{ 2 } }-{ 5 }^{ \frac { -x }{ 2 } }) }^{ 2 }+2\ge 2\)
If sin (ex) -5x + 5-x has a solution
We get sin (ex) ≥ 2 which i not possible for any
real x as |sin 0|≤ 1 for all θ∈ R.
∴ Sin (ex) = 5X + 5-x has no solution.
4.
Given \((\sqrt { 5 } -\sqrt { 3 } )\) is a root
Another root \(\Rightarrow \sqrt { 5 } +\sqrt { 3 } \)
∴ Sum of the roots \(=\sqrt { 5 } -\sqrt { 3 } +\sqrt { 5 } +\sqrt { 3 } =2\sqrt { 5 } \)
Product of the roots
\(=(\sqrt { 5 } -\sqrt { 3 } )(\sqrt { 5 } +\sqrt { 3 } )\)
\(=(\sqrt { 5 } )^{ 2 }-{ (\sqrt { 3 } ) }^{ 2 }=5-3=2\)
∴ One of the factor is x2 -x (sum of the roots) + product of the roots
\(\Rightarrow { x }^{ 2 }-2x\sqrt { 5 } +2\)
The other factor also will be \({ x }^{ 2 }-2x\sqrt { 5 } +2\)
\(({ x }^{ 2 }-2x\sqrt { 5 } +2)({ x }^{ 2 }+2x\sqrt { 5 } +2)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow ({ x }^{ 2 }+2-2\sqrt { 5 } x)({ x }^{ 2 }+2+2\sqrt { 5 } x)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left( { x }^{ 2 }+2 \right) ^{ 2 }-{ (2\sqrt { 5 } x) }^{ 2 }=0\)
\([\because (a+b)(a-b)={ a }^{ 2 }-{ b }^{ 2 }]\)
\(\Rightarrow { x }^{ 4 }+{ 4x }^{ 2 }+4{ (5)x }^{ 2 }=0\)
\(\Rightarrow { x }^{ 4 }+{ 4x }^{ 2 }+4-{ 20x }^{ 2 }=0\)
\(\Rightarrow { x }^{ 4 }-{ 16x }^{ 2 }+4=0\) is a rational co-efficient polynomial equation.
5.
Since \(\sqrt { \frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ \sqrt { 3 } } } \) is a root, x-\(\sqrt { \frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ \sqrt { 3 } } } \) is a factor. To remove the outermost square root, we take x +\(\sqrt { \frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ \sqrt { 3 } } } \) as another factor and find their product.
\(\left( x+\sqrt { \frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ \sqrt { 3 } } } \right) \left( x-\sqrt { \frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ \sqrt { 3 } } } \right) ={ x }^{ 2 }-\frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ \sqrt { 3 } } \)
Still we didn’t achieve our goal. So we include another factor x2+\(\sqrt { \frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ \sqrt { 3 } } } \) and get the product.
\(\left( { x }^{ 2 }-\frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ \sqrt { 3 } } \right) \left( { x }^{ 2 }+\frac { \sqrt { 2 } }{ \sqrt { 3 } } \right) ={ x }^{ 4 }-\frac { 2 }{ 3 } \)
So, 3x4- 2 = 0 is a required polynomial equation with the integer coefficients.
Now we identify the nature of roots of the given equation without solving the equation. The idea comes from the negativity, equality to 0, positivity of Δ = b2- 4ac.
6.
Let α, β, γ and δ be the roots of ax4+ bx3+ cx2+ dx + e = 0
Σ1 = α + β + γ + δ = -\(\frac { b }{ a } \),
Σ2 = αβ + αγ + αδ + βγ + βδ + γδ = \(\frac { c }{ a } \),
Σ3 = αβγ + αβδ + αγδ + βγδ = -\(\frac { d }{ a } \)
Σ4 = αβγδ =\(\frac { e }{ a } \)
We have to find α2 + β2 + γ2 + δ2
Applying the algebraic identity
(a+b+c+d)2 ≡ a2+b2+c2+d2+2(ab+ac+ad+bc+bd+cd),
we get
α2 + β2 + γ2 + δ2 = (α + β + γ + δ)2-2(αβ + αγ + αδ + βγ + βδ + γδ)
= \(\left( \frac { b }{ a } \right) ^{ 2 }-2\left( \frac { c }{ a } \right) \)
= \(\frac { { b }^{ 2 }-2ac }{ { a }^{ 2 } } \).
7.
Given equation is
(2x2 - 3x + 1) (2x2 + 5x + 1) = 9x2 ....(1)
Clearly x = 0 does not satisfy (1),
∴ (1) can be rewritten as
\(\left( 2x+\frac { 1 }{ x } -3 \right) \left( 2x+\frac { 1 }{ x } +5 \right) =9...(2)\)
put \(2x+\frac { 1 }{ x } =y\)
∴ (2)⇒ (y - 3) (y + 5) = 9
⇒ y2+ 2y-15 = 9
or y2+ 2y - 24 = 0
⇒ (y + 6) (y - 4) = 0
⇒ y = -6, -4
Case (i)
When \(y=-6,2x+\frac { 1 }{ x } =-6\)
2x2+6x+1 = 0
\(\Rightarrow =\frac { -6\pm \sqrt { 36-8 } }{ 4 } \)
\(x=-3\pm \frac { \sqrt { 7 } }{ 2 } \)
Case(ii)
When \(y=4,2x+\frac { 1 }{ x } =4\)
⇒ 2x2- 4x+1 = 0
\(x=\frac{4 \pm \sqrt{16-8}}{4}\)
\(x=\frac { 2\pm \sqrt { 2 } }{ 2 } \)
This, the roots are
\(\\ \frac { -3+\sqrt { 7 } }{ 2 } ,\frac { -3-\sqrt { 7 } }{ 2 } ,\frac { 2+\sqrt { 2 } }{ 2 } ,\frac { 2-\sqrt { 2 } }{ 2 } \)
8.
Given equation is (a2+b2+c2) p2-2
(ab+bc+cd) p+(b2+c2+d2) ≤ 0...(1)
(1) can be rewritten as
(a2p2 - 2abp + b2) + (b2p2 - 2bcp + c2) + (c2p2 - 2cdp + d2) ≤ 0
Since a, b, c, d, p∈ R
(ap-b)2 ≥ 0, (bp-c)2 ≥ 0 and (cp-d)2 ≥ 0
∴ (2) will be satisfied only if
ap - b = 0, bp - c = 0, cp - d = 0
\(\Rightarrow \frac { b }{ a } =\frac { c }{ b } =\frac { d }{ c } =p\)
⇒ a, b, c, d are in G.P and ad = bc
9.
x8- 3x + 1 = 0
Here an = 1, ao = 1
If \(\frac{p}{q}\) is a root of the polynomial, then as
(p, q) = 1p is a factor of ao = 1 and q is a factor of an = 1
Since 1 has no factors, the given equation has no rational roots.
10.
Let α, β and γ be the roots of x3+ ax2+ bx + c = 0
Then, we get
Σ1 = α + β + γ = -a ....(1)
Σ2 = αβ + βγ + γα = b ...(2)
Σ3 = αβγ = -c ...(3)
We have to form the equation whose roots are α2, β2 and γ2.
Using (1), (2) and (3), we find the following
Σ1 = α2 + β2 + γ2 = (α + β + γ )2 - 2( αβ + βγ + γα) = (-a)2 -2(b) = a2-2b,
Σ2 = α2β2 + β2γ2 + γ2α2 = (αβ + βγ + γα)2 - 2((αβ)( βγ)(γα) + (γα)(αβ))
= (αβ + βγ + γα)2 - 2αβγ (β + γ + α) = (b)2 - 2(-c)(-a) = b2-2ca
Σ3 = α2β2γ2 = (αβγ)2 = (-c)2 = c2
Hence, the required equation is
x3-(α2 + β2 + γ2)x2 + (α2β2 + β2γ2 + γ2α2)x - α2β2γ2 = 0
That is, x3-(a2-2b)x2 + (b2-2ca)x-c2 = 0
11.
We have \(x=\sqrt { 2+x } \)
\(\Rightarrow { x }^{ 2 }=2+x \Rightarrow { x }^{ 2 }-x-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac { 1\pm \sqrt { 1+8 } }{ 2 } \Rightarrow x=\frac { 1\pm 3 }{ 2 } \)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac { 1+3 }{ 2 } ,\frac { 1-3 }{ 2 } \Rightarrow x=2,-1\)
Also x>0, we get x = 2
12.
Let ∝, β are the roots of the equation
Sum of the roots \(\alpha +\beta =\frac { -b }{ a } \)
\(=\frac { [-(a-2)] }{ 1 } =a-2\)
Product of the roots \(=\alpha \beta =\frac { c }{ a } \)
\(=\frac { -(a+1) }{ 1 } =-(a+1)\)
we have \({ \alpha }^{ 2 }{ \beta }^{ 2 }=({ \alpha +\beta ) }^{ 2 }-2\alpha \beta \)
\(={ (a-2) }^{ 2 }+2(a+1)\)
\(={ a }^{ 2 }-4a+4+2a+2\)
\(=(a-1{ ) }^{ 2 }+5\)
Thus \(\\ { \alpha }^{ 2 }+{ \beta }^{ 2 }\) is least if a = 1
13.
Here Δ = b2−4ac = 0 for equal roots. This implies 4(k + 2)2 = 4(9)k. This implies k = 4 or 1.
14.
Δ = b2- 4ac = -20 < 0. The roots are imaginary numbers.
15.
(a)
0, 2
16.
(a)
no solution
17.
(a)
18.
(c)
n complex roots
19.
(a)
mn
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