Call money is a short term finance repayable on demand with a period of one to fifteen days. It is used to finance inter bank transaction. It is method by which banks borrow from each other to be able to maintain the cash reserve ratio with the RBI.

The stock exchange is an institution which provides a platform for buying and selling of existing securities.
Functions performed by a stock exchange are:
(i) Provides liquidity and marketability to existing securities The primary function of a stock exchange is to provide a ready and continuous market where existing securities can be bought and sold.
This provides both liquidity and cash marketability to already existing securities in the market.
(ii) Pricing of securities Share prices on a stock exchange is determined by the forces of demand and supply.Stock market indices like SENSEX, NSE, etc reflect market direction and indicate day-to-day fluctuations in share prices.
Thus, both buyers and sellers can get constant information about price movements of shares in the market.
(iii) Safety of transactions The membership of a stock exchange is well defined according to the existing legal framework. This ensures that the investment of public is safe and they will get a fair deal in the market.

Money market instruments are more liquid, as, whenever an investor wants to encash the securities of money market, the discount and Finance House of India provides a ready market.

Whereas, the capital market enjoys lesser liquidity and the securities may be less traded in the securities market.Thus, money market instruments are more liquid and may be encashed any time.

(a) i. Prospectus issue
ii. Issue through intermediaries:
iii. Private placement:
iv. Rights issue: 
(b)
The methods of floating new issues in the primary market are:
(i) Offer Through Prospectus: It is the method of floating new issues by inviting subscriptions from the public through issue of prospectus.
(ii) Offer for Sale: It is the method in which the securities are not issued directly to the public but through intermediaries like issuing houses or stock brokers.
(iii) Private Placement: It refers to the allotment of securities by a company to institutional investors and some selected individuals.
(iv) Rights Issue: It is the privilege given to existing shareholders to subscribe to new issue of shares in proportion to the number of shares they already hold.
(v) e-IPO: It refers to issuing securities through the online system of stock exchange.
(c) The main investors in the primary market are banks, financial institutions insurance companies , mutual funds and individuals.

The stock exchange is an institution, which provides a platform for buying and selling of existing securities.
Functions of Stock Exchange
(i) Provides liquidity and marketability to existing securities
The primary function of a stock exchange is to provide a ready and continuous market where existing securities can be bought and sold.
This provides both liquidity and cash marketability to already existing securities in the market.
(ii) Pricing of securities
Share prices on a stock exchange are determined by the forces of demand and supply.Stock market indices like SENSEX, NSE, etc reflect market direction and indicate day-to-day fluctuations in share prices.
Thus, both buyers and sellers can get constant information about price movements of shares in the market.
(iii) Safety of transactions
The membership of a stock exchange is well defined according to the existing legal framework. This ensures that the investment of public is safe and they will get a fair deal in the market.
(iv) Contributes to economic growth
In stock exchange. the process of disinvestment and reinvestment channelise the savings into productive investment avenues. This leads to capital formation and economic growth
(v) Spreading Equity Cult
It is an organised market, which takes various steps to guide and educate investors, publish information about companies listed on the exchange and ensures better and safe trading practices. These practices have played a vital role in increasing the number of people investing in equity, thus leading to wider ownership of equity.
(vi) Provides Scope for Speculation
It is generally accepted that a certain degree of speculation is necessary to ensure liquidity and price continuity in the stock market. Thus, it provides sufficient scope for speculation in a restricted and controlled manner within the provisions of law.

i) To cheat the investors/ lenders by providing them false information fraudulent activities
ii) Possibility of over capitalization
iii) Dissatisfaction amongst the employees

Commercial paper is a source of bridge financing. Bridge financing refers to short term funds for seasonal and working capital needs. Le it may be used as an associated source of financing. If a company needs long term finance buy machinery it must raise these finds from the capital market. For this company must incur floatation costs – brokerage commission funds used to finance such needs over called bridge financing.

The three interest group are :- Issuers, investors and intermediaries. SEBI protects interest of intermediaries by offering a competitive, professional and expanding market with adequate and efficient infrastructure so that they are able to render better service to investors and issuers.

Yes, stock exchange spread equity cult in the country because will share of ownership of share of company’s possible. When share are offered in the stock exchange and subscribell by members of the public.