i) Helpful in increasing literacy rate
ii) Development of society
​​​​​​​iii) Increase in Employment opportunities in backward areas

In this para, coordination is missing between human resource and operations department It affects the organisational value of cooperation among different departments.
Advantage of coordination: Coordination brings employees nearer to each other.
They understand and adjust with each other by developing mutual cooperation, confidence and brotherhood.

Organisational structure possesses three levels of management, as follows:
(i) Top level management: It consists of the Board of Directors, Chief Operational Officers and many more.
This level of management frames policies for overall attainment of management objectives.
(ii) Middle level management: It consists of departmental heads, section officers, etc. This level interprets and explains the policies framed by top level management. 
They are involved more in collecting and reporting feedbacks to top level.
(iii) Operational level management: It is the lowest level of management. It consists of plant superintendents, clerks, supervisors, etc.
They are concerned with technical and routine work on day-to-day basis.

Science is a systematised body of knowledge that establishes cause and effect relationship.
The basic features of science are:
(i) Systematised body of knowledge: Science is a systematised body of knowledge, consisting of principles and theories based on cause and effect relationship.
(ii) Principles based on experimentation: Scientific principles are valid and applicable universally.
Management is a science because of the following reasons:
(i) Like science, there is a systematised body of knowledge in management, consisting of theories, principles and concepts.
(ii) Principles of management are evolved after continuous observations and experimentation.
(iii) Like science, some of the principles of management have universal validity, but they are not as exact as principles of pure science.
Conclusion: Management is a social science or soft sciences, as it involves the study of human behaviour. Management cannot be as perfect as natural siences. Therefore it is an inexact science.

Science is a systematised body of knowledge that establishes cause and effect relationship.
The basic features of science are:
(i) Systematised body of knowledge: Science is a systematised body of knowledge, consisting of principles and theories based on cause and effect relationship.
(ii) Principles based on experimentation: Scientific principles are valid and applicable universally.
Management is a science because of the following reasons:
(i) Like science, there is a systematised body of knowledge in management, consisting of theories, principles and concepts.
(ii) Principles of management are evolved after continuous observations and experimentation.
(iii) Like science, some of the principles of management have universal validity, but they are not as exact as principles of pure science.
Conclusion: Management is a social science or soft sciences, as it involves the study of human behaviour. Management cannot be as perfect as natural siences. Therefore it is an inexact science.

Coordination is missing. All these problems arise in the absence of coordination. If a company fails to coordinate, its activities cannot survive for long and the growth of company suffers.
Lack of coordination results in duplication of work and wastage of resources. Thus, it affects the economic values like trust, cooperation, teamwork, etc.

a) Social objective
b) i) Organisational objective.
ii) Personal objective.
c) i) Opportunity for Growth
ii) Harmony among the employees of the organization.
d) i) Waste management: By using the waste material for recycling & landfill 
ii) Responsibility towards disadvantaged sections of society. By providing employment opportunities to the disadvantaged sections of the society.

The resources of production are Man, Machine, Material and Money. It is the mgt. which works in the direction of bringing these resources together and convert them into production thus achieving the organizational social and personal objectives.
Man +  Machine + Material + Money = Output/finished product ➝ Market (earning profit) ➝ Customer (if satisfied again comes) ➝ Organisation (earns profits & survives & grow).

Planning is the primary function of mgt. It is concerned with both ends & means i.e. What to do and how to do it. Therefore planning means setting objectives & targets & formulating an action plan to achieve them effectively & efficiently. Planning is closely corrected with creativity and innovation.
Organising is the mgt for of assigning duties, grouping tasks, establishing authority and allocating resources reqd. to carry out a specific plan.

An organisation is a group of different individuals with different needs. But as members of the organisation, they work towards achieving the common organisational goal. This requires team work and co-ordination. Management as a team can contribute more effectively & efficiently rather than individuals

Survival, profit and growth are three important economics objectives which mgt helps the organisation to achieve.
In order to survive, an organisation must earn enough revenues to cover costs. Mgt must work in this direction. It also must ensure that the organisation makes a profit, which is a pre condition for the continued successful operation of the enterprises. Profit is essential for covering costs & risks of the business. To remain in the industry, a business needs to add to its prospects in the long run. Mgt. must exploit fully the growth potential of the organisation.

“Effectiveness & efficiency are the two sides of the same coin”.
1. Sometime a business concentrates on effectiveness & ignores efficiency i.e. complete then given task but at a high cost.
2. On the other hand, sometimes a business may concentrate more on producing goods with fewer resources i.e. it cuts down cost but cannot achieve the target production. This is a case of being efficient but not effective since the goods did not reach the market. Therefore it is important for mgt. to achieve goals (effectiveness) with minimum resources i.e. as efficiently as possible maintaining a balance between effectiveness & efficiency.