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Published on: 30/09/2019
Electrochemistry
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1.
(i) The conductivity of 0.001 mol L-1 solution of CH3COOH is 3.905 x 10-5 S cm-1. Calculate its molar conductivity and degree of dissociation. Given \(\lambda ^{ 0 }\left( H^{ + } \right) =349.6 \ Scm^{ 2 } \ mol^{ -1 }\) and \(\lambda ^{ 0 }\left( CH_{ 3 }COO^{ - } \right) =40.9 \ scm^{ 2 }mol^{ -1 }\)
(ii) Define electrochemical cell. What happens if external potential applied becomes greater than E0cell of electrochemical cell?
2.
Calculate the \(\triangle G^{ 0 }\) and emf (E) that can be obtained from the following cell under the standard conditions at 25°C. Zn(s) IZn2+(aq) IISn2+(aq) I Sn(s) [Given \(E^{ 0 }_{ Zn2+/Zn }=-0.76V;\) \(E^{ 0 }_{ sin2+/sn }=-0.14V\) ] and F = 96500 C mol-1
3.
India is a very big country and is in a phase of modernisation. There is an enormous shortage of electricity and as a result, our industrial growth is hampered. There are major cuts both at household and domestic levels. These days, there is a major emphasis on the use of solar energy.
(i) How is the solar power used in a country like India?
(ii) As a student, how will you promote the use of solar power?
4.
On the basis of the following data, explain why Co(III) is not stable in aqueous solution ?
\({ Co }^{ 3+ }+{ e }^{ - }\longrightarrow { Co }^{ 2+ },{ E }^{ 0 }=+1.82V\)
\(2{ H }_{ 2 }O\longrightarrow { O }_{ 2 }+4{ H }^{ + }+{ 4e }^{ - },{ E }^{ 0 }=1.23V\)
1.
Given: Conductivity of CH3COOH solution,
K= 3.905 x 10-5 S cm-1
Concentration of CH3COOH solution,
C = 0.001 mol L-I ,
Molar conductivity,
\(\lambda _{ m }=k\times \frac { 1000 }{ C } \)
\(=\frac { \left( 3.905\times 10^{ -5 }Scm^{ -1 } \right) \times \left( 1000\quad cm^{ 3 }L^{ -1 } \right) }{ 0.001molL^{ -1 } } \)
= 39.05 S cm2mol-1
Molar conductivity at infinite dilution \(\left( \lambda ^{ 0 }_{ m } \right) \) for CH3COOH
\(\lambda ^{ 0 }_{ m }CH_{ 3 }COOH=\lambda ^{ 0 }_{ m }CH_{ 3 }COO^{ - }+\lambda ^{ 0 }_{ H+ }\)
= 40.9 + 349.6 S cm2 mol-1
= 390.5 S cm2 mol-1
Degree of dissociation, \(\alpha =\frac { \lambda _{ m } }{ \lambda ^{ 0 }_{ m } } \)
\(=\frac { 39.05\quad s\quad cm^{ 2 }mol^{ -1 } }{ 39.05\quad s\quad cm^{ 2 }mol^{ -1 } } =0.1\)
(ii) A device used to convert the chemical energy produced in a spontaneous redox reaction into electrical energy is called an electrochemical cell.
When external potential applied becomes greater than E0cell of electrochemical cell. electrons flow from cathode to anode, i.e. electrochemical cell behaves like an I electrolytic cell.
2.
At anode \(Zn(s)\longrightarrow Zn^{ 2+ }(aq)+2e^{ - }\)
At cathode \(Sn^{ 2+ }(aq)+2e^{ - }\longrightarrow sn(s)\)
Overall reaction
\(Zn(s)+Sn^{ 2+ }(aq)\longrightarrow zn^{ 2+ }(aq)+Sn(s)\)
\(E^{ 0 }_{ cell }=E^{ 0 }_{ sin2+/sn }-(-E^{ 0 }_{ zn2+/zn })\)
= -0.14 + 0.76 = 0.62 V
\(\triangle G^{ 0 }=-nFE^{ 0 }\)
= -2 x 96500 x 0.62
\(\triangle G^{ 0 }=-119660Jmol^{ -1 }\)
3.
(i) India is a tropical country and summer extend over a long period. This means solar power plants are very effective and can be a better substitute of electricity.
(ii) We must hold seminars with the help of NGO's and other organisations. Educate people about the use of solar heaters, solar generators, solar cookers and solar batteries. We can explain the advantages of the use of solar power over electricity.
4.
Adding the two half reaction, EMF comes out to +ve. This means that Co(III) in aqueous solution has the tendency to change to Co(II). Hence, Co(III) is not stable in aqueous solution.
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