(i) Sucralose is used as sugar substituent like Sorbitol, Xylitol and Mannitol. All these have sweetness. They are metabolised without the influence of insulin.
(ii) Artificial sweetening agents like Aspartarne, Alitame and Saccharin are also used. These have negligible nutritional value.
Example : Saccharin,Aspartame, Sucralose, Alitame

Aspirin is o-acetyl salicylic acid

(i) They are neurologically active drugs. 
(ii) It acts on the central nervous system by blocking the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain.
Uses : Reducing stress & anxiety, To cure sleep disorders & severe mental disease.
Ex : (i) Major tranquilizers : Haloperidol, Clozapine
(ii) Minor tranquilizers :Diozepam(Valium), alprazolam.

Aspirin (o - acetyl salicylic acid) - is a substance which lowers body temperature and also reduces body pain. So it acts as both analgesic and antiphyretic.

(i) Many micro organisms (bacteria, fungi and moulds) produce certain chemicals which inhibit the growth or metabolism of some other micro organism. Such chemicals are called antibiotics.
(ii) Eg: Penicillin from the mould penicillium notatum

(i) Preservatives are chemicals added to food which are capable of inhibiting, retarding or arresting the process of fermentation, acidification or other decomposition of food by the growth of micro organisms (or)
(ii) Chemical substances which are added to food that prevents the spoilage of food materials by destroying the food - spoiling micro-organisms are called food preservatives.
(iii) Eg: sodium benzoate, NaCl, Acetic acid Sodium metabisulphite, potassium meta bisulphite etc.

Detergents:
a) Anionic detergents:
These are sodium salt of sulphonated long chain alcohols (or) hydrocarbons. The anionic part of the molecule is involved in the cleansing action.
Eg: sodium lawryl sulphate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate.
Use: Household work & tooth paste.
b) Cationie detergents:
These are quarternary. ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides (or) bromides as anions. 
It is the cationic part of the molecule which is involved in cleansing action.
Eg: n-hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride
c) Non-ionic detergents:
These donot contain any ion. These are esters of high molecular mass alcohols.
Eg: Pentaerythrityl stearate
Use dish washing detergents.

Detergent Type	Example
Anionic detergent	Sodium Lauryl Sulphate (SLS)
Cationic detergent	N - hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride N,N,N - trimethylhexadecan - 1 - aminium chloride
Non - ionic detergent	Pentaerythrityl stearate 3 - hydroxy -2,2 - bis (hydroxymethyl) propyl heptanoate

(i) To understand how a soap works as a cleansing agent, let us consider sodium palmitate an example of a soap. The cleansing action of soap is directly related to the structure of carboxylate ions (palmitate ion) present in soap. The structure of palmitate exhibit dual polarity. The hydrocarbon portion is non polar and the carboxyl portion is polar.

(ii) The nonpolar portion is hydrophobic while the polar end is hydrophilic. The hydrophobic hydro carbon portion is soluble in oils and greases, but not in water. The hydrophilic carboxylate group is soluble in water.
(iii) The dirt in the cloth is due to the presence of dust particles intact or grease which stick. When the soap is added to an oily or greasy part of the cloth, the hydrocarbon part of the soap dissolve in the grease, leaving the negatively charged carboxylate end exposed on the grease surface.
(iv) At the same time the negatively charged carboxylate groups are strongly attracted by water, thus leading to the formation of small droplets called micelles and grease is floated away from the solid object. When the water is rinsed away, the grease goes with it. As a result, the cloth gets free from dirt and the droplets are washed away with water. The micelles do not combine into large drops because their surfaces are all negatively charged and repel each other. The cleansing ability of a soap depends upon its tendency to act as a emulsifying agent between water and water insoluble greases.

The cleansing action of detergents are similar to cleansing action of soap. Eg: the structure of a cationic detergents is: