If the Payee is an illiterate person, he can endorse it by affixing his thumb impression on the instrument. But it must be duly attested by somebody who should give his full address there on.

According to section 13 of the Negotiable instruments Act 1881, a negotiable instrument means a Promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque payable either to order or to bearer.

(i) Time instrument: It is defined as an instrument which is payable sometime in future.
(ii) Accommodation instrument: Bill which is drawn, accepted without consideration.

(i) When a cheque is crossed generally the banker should not pay the amount across the counter.
(ii) The receiver of the amount of the cheque can be easily traced in case the cheque is lost or stolen and collected. Thus the crossing assures safety.

(i) Crossing a cheque refers to the practice of drawing two parallel transverse lines across the face of a cheque with or without the words and Co
(ii) The effect of this crossing is that the drawee bank will pay the amount of a cheque only to the banker.

According to Section 4 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, "a promissory note is an instrument in writing (not being a bank note or a currency note) containing an unconditional undertaking signed by the maker, to pay a certain sum of money only to or to the order of, a certain person or to the bearer of the instrument".

In the words of Justice K.C. Wills, a negotiable instrument is one,the property in which is acquired by anyone who takes it bonafide and for value, and withstanding any defect to title in the person from whom he took it.