EDIFACT Structure:
EDIFACT is a hierarchical structure where the top level is referred to as an interchange, and lower levels contain multiple messages. The messages consist of segments, which in turn consist of composites. The final iteration is a data element.

Symmetric Key Encryption	Asymmetric Key Encryption
Same key is used for both encryption and decryption	Different keys are used for encryption and decryption
Speed of encryption or decryption is very fast	Speed of encryption or decryption is comparatively slow
Plain text and cipher text are of same size	The size of cipher text is always greater than plain text.
Algorithms like DES, AES, RC4 uses symmetric key encryption	Algorithms like RSA, ECC, DSA use asymmetric key encryption
Provides confidentiality	Provides confidentiality, authenticity and non-repudiation
The number of key used grows exponentially with the number of users	The number of key used grows linearly with the number of users

(a) Internet banking:
(i) Internet banking is a collective term for E-banking, online banking, virtual banking (operates only on the Internet with no physical branches), direct banks, web banking and remote banking.
(ii) Internet banking allows customers of a financial institution to conduct various financial transactions on a secure website operated by the banking institutions.
(iii) This is a very fast and convenient way of performing any banking transactions.
(iv) It enables customers of a bank to conduct a wide range of financial transactions through its website. In fact, it is like a branch exclusively operating of an individual customer.
(v) The online banking system will typically connect to the core banking system operated by customers themselves (Self-service banking).
(b) Mobile banking:
(i) Mobile banking is another form of net banking.
(ii) The term mobile banking (also called m-banking) refers to the services provided by the bank to the customer to conduct banking transactions with the aid of mobile phones.
(iii) These transactions include balance checking, account transfers, payments, purchases, etc. Transactions can be done at anytime and anywhere.
(iv) The WAP protocol installed on a mobile phone qualifies the device through an appropriate application for mobile session establishment with the bank's website.
(v) In this way, the user has the option of permanent control over the account and remote management of his own finances.
(vi) Mobile Banking operations can be implemented in the following ways:
Contacting the call center.
 Automatic IVR telephone service.
 Using a mobile phone via SMS.
 WAP technology.
 Using smartphone applications.

(i) Auction website is a kind of website, that auctions items on the Internet and levies some commission from the sales.
e.g. https://www.ebay.com/
(ii) Banner advertisement website displays advertisements of other companies in its websites and thereby earns revenue.
(iii) Bulk-buying website collect a number of users together where every one wants to buy similar items - the site negotiates a discount with the supplier and takes commission. e.g. https://www.alibaba.com/
(iv) Digital publishing sites effectively host the e-books or magazines on the web. They make profits in anumber of wayssuch as advertising, selling etc., https://wordpress.org/
(v) Licensing sites allow other websites to make use of their software. For example, the search engines which allow a visitor of the site to search within the website more easily.
(vi) Name-your-own-price websites are just like normal retail sites. In contrast, the buyer negotiates with the retailer for a particular product or service. https://in.hotels.com/
(vii) Online Shopping mall website allows multi E-Commerce traders to assemble together on a single website. Often these sellers would be related to each other, for example they may all sell luxury goods. This site would take a percentage of their profit.






 

Open Source Software	Proprietary Software
It refers to the software that is developed and tested through open collaboration.	It refers to the software that is solely owned by the individual or the organization that developed it.
Anyone with the academic knowledge can access, inspect modify and redistribute the source code.	Only the owner or publisher who holds the legal property rights of the source code can access it.
The project is managed by an open  source community of developers and programmers.	The project is managed by a closed group of individuals or team that developed it.
They are not aimed at unskilled users outside of the programming community.	They are focused on a limited market of both skilled and unskilled and users.
It provides better flexibility which means more freedom which encourages innovation.	There is a very limited scope of innovation with the restrictions and all.
Examples: Android, Firefox, Libreoffice, Ubuntu, Gname etc..	Examples: Windows, mac Os, iTunes, Google earth. Adobe flash etc.

Registered Jacks: A Registered Jack commonly known as RJ is a network interface used for network cabling, wiring and jack construction. The primary function of the registered jack is to connect different data equipment and telecommunication devices. The commonly known registered jacks are RJ-11, RJ-45, RJ-21,and RJ-28. The registered jack refers to the male physical connector (Plug), a female physical connector (Jack) and it's wiring.
Types of Registered Jacks:
(i) RJ-11 :
It is the most popular modern form of registered jack. It is found in home and used for landline phones. There are 6 pins where the two pins give the transmission configuration, the two pins give the receiver configuration and the other two pins will be kept for reserved.
(ii) RJ-14 and RJ-61:
The RJ-14 is also used in telephone lines like RJ-11. It has 6 pins whereas the RJ-61 has 8 pins. RJ-61 uses the twisted pair cable to connect the network devices.
(iii) RJ-21:
The RJ-21 connector has 50 pins with 25 pins at one end and 25 pins at the other end. It is also called as champ connector or Amphenol connector. The Amphenol is a connector manufacturer.The RJ-21 interface is typically used for data-communication trucking applications.

Open System Interconnection (OSI) model was found in the year 1934, general framework that enables network protocols along with software and systems to be developed based on general set of guidelines. It describes the standards for the inter-computer communication.
OSI Layers:
(i) Physical Layer: This is the 1^st layer, it defines the electrical and physical specifications for devices.
(ii) Data Link Layer: It is the 2^nd layer and it guarantees that the data transmitted are free of errors. This layer has simple protocols like "802.3 for Ethernet" and "802.11 for Wi-Fi".
(iii) Network Layer: It is the 3^rd layer determining the path of the data packets. This layer is responsible for routing of data packets using IP Addressing.
(iv) Transport Layer: It is the 4^th layer that guarantees the transportation/sending of data succeddfully. It includes the error checking operation.
(v) Session Layer: It is the 5^th layer, identifies the established system session between different network entities. It controls dailogues between computers. For instance, while accessing a system remotely, session is created between your computer and the remote system.
(vi) Presentation Layer: It is the 6^th layer that does the translation of data to the next layer (Prepare the data to the Application Layer). Encryption and decryption protocols occur in this layer such as, Secure Socket Layer (SSL).
(vii) Application Layer: It is the 7^th layer, which acts as the user interface platform comprising of software within the system.

Network in Business:
(i) Communication is very important factor for successful business operations. There by with the growth of computer network and speedy Internet services, business also developed drastically.
(ii) Internet conversation made conversation faster, quick decision making and money saving e-banking paying methods for easy transactions.
(iii) Cheap marketing price and easy selection of products through internet with customers satisfaction can also be done. Company license, renewals, other certificates, bill payments, receipts, invoice, stock maintenance, can be done without any geographical boundaries via Internet and computer networks.
(iv) Government subsidies are available for their business to promote their business by digitization.
Network at Home:
(i) Network has become common as it facilitates communication among devices with in the close vivinity of a home.
(ii) Devices in this network can be smart devices, mobile computers, network printers which are caable of interacting and there by increase the quality of life inside home in a variety of ways like automation of repetitive tasks, increased personal productivity, enhanced home security and easier access to entertainment.
(iii) Network at home helps us to perform e-banking, e-learning, e-goverance, e-health, telemedicine, call centers, video conferencing, digitalization of memories, etc.
Network at Social Application:
(i) To get connected to with people around the world through social network media, applications like Whatsapp, Facebook, Twitter, Blogs, Pinterest, Classmate and so on are in full fledge use.
(ii) Through the social meida we share our thoughts, ideas, files and also chats.

Database Connections: Before accessing MYSQL Database, connect to Database Server machine via PHP scripting language using Mysqli_connect() Function.
Syntax:
mysqli_connect(“Server Name”,“User Name”,“Password”,“DB Name”);
This function requires four parameters to connect to database server. Database Server name, Database username, password and Database Name.
Managing Database Connections: The below code describes managing database connection methods and features.
<?php
$servername = “localhost”;
$username = “username”;
$password = “password”;
SDB_name = “School_DB”;
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername, $username, $password,$DB_name);
if(!$conn){
die(“Connection failed: “ . mysqli_connect_error( ));
}
echo “Connected successfully”;
?>
In the above code snippet, four variables are used to connect to the Database server. They are

The mysqli_connect function uses these variables and connect Database server to PHP. If connection gets fail, output will be printed with MySQL error code. Otherwise connection is success.

The following control are available in HTML forms:
(i) Text inputs
(ii) Buttons
(iii) Checkbox
(iv) Radio box
(v) File Select
(vi) Form Tag
(i) Text inputs contain textbox and text area controls.
(ii) Buttons may contain Submit button, Reset button and Cancel Button.
(iii) Checkbox is a important feature which selects more than one value from the HTML form.
(iv) Radio box is similar to checkbox but one value can be chosen at a time.
(v) File select is the best feature to select one file from the local machine to server machine at a time.
(vi) Form tag is used to mention a method (POST or GET) and control the entire form controls in the HTML document.

1. The foreach statement is used to loop through arrays.
2. The loop iteration depends on KEY value pair in the array.
3. In the loop iteration, the value of the current array element is assigned to $value and the array pointer is shifted by one until it reaches the end of the array element.

Syntax
for each (＄array as ＄value)
{
code to be ex
}
Examples:
＄student_name = array ("Sriakshaya, "Sriram, "Srisai, "Srivatchan");
for each ($student_name as $value)
{
echo $value
";
}
?>
Output:
Sriakshaya
Sriram
Srisai
Srivatchan

If elseif else statement in PHP:
If-elseif-else statement is a combination of if-else statement. More than one statement can execute the condition based on user needs.
Syntax:
if (1^st condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if condition is true;
}
elseif(2^nd condition)
{
Execute statement(s) if 2^nd condition is true;
}
else
{
Execute statement(s) if both conditions are false;
}
Example Program:
＄Pass_Mark=35;
＄first_class=60;
＄Student_Mark= 70;
if (＄Student_Mark > = ＄first_ class){
echo "The Student is eligible for the promotion with First Class";
}
elseif (＄Student_Mark >= ＄Pass_Mark){
echo "The Student is eligible for the promotion";
}
else {
echo "The Student is not eligible for the promotion";
} ?>

Array is a concept that stores more than one value of same data type in single array variable.
They are 3 types of array concepts in PHP.
(i) Indexed Arrays
(ii) Associative Array and
(iii) Multi-Dimensional Array
(i) Indexed Arrays
Array defines with the keyword array()
Syntax:

Array with numeric index for the available values in array variable which contains key value pair as user can take the value using keys.
Example:
$teacher_name=array("Iniyan", "Kavin", "Nilani");
echo "The students name are".$teacher_name[0].$teacher_name[1]..
(ii) Associative Arrays
Associative arrays are a key-value pair data structure.
Syntax:
array (key=> value, key =>, value, key => Value, etc.);
key=Specifies the key (numeric or string)
Valme - Specifies the value
Example
<$ php
$Marks
array"Student1"=>"35","Student2"=>"17"Student3"=>"43");
echo "Studenti mark is. $Marks("Student1]." is eligible for qualification";
echo "Student2 mark is. $Marks Student2"]." is not eligible for qualification";
?>
(iii) Multidimensional Arrays:
Array containing one or more arrays is called multidimensional array. PHP accepts array with two, three four or more levels.
Example:
< ?php
// A two-dimensional array
$student=array
(
array("Iniyan", 100, 96),
array("Kavin", 60, 59),
array("Nilani", 1313, 139)
);
echo ＄＄student [0][0].": Tamil Mark: ".＄student [0][1].". English mark: ".＄student [0] [2]."< br > ";
echo ＄＄student [1][0].": Tamil Mark: ".＄student [1][1].". English mark: ".＄student [1] [2]."< br > ";
echo ＄＄student [2}[0].": Tamil Mark:".＄student [2][1].".English mark: ".＄student [2] [2]."< br >
? >

PHP scripting language supports 13 primitive data types.
PHP supports the following data types.
(i) String
(ii) Integer
(iii) Float
(iv) Boolean
(v) Array
(vi) Object
(vii) NULL
(viii) Resource
(i) String
String is a collection of characters within the double quotes ("") or single quotes ().
Space is also considered as a character.
Example:
$x= "Computer Application";
$y='Computer Application';
(ii) Integer
Data type which contains non decimal numbers.
Example (i) $x=59135;
Example (ii)
$x = 59135;
var_dump($x);
The var_dump() function returns type and value about variables in PHP.
(iii) Float
Float is a data type which contains decimal numbers.
Example Sx=19.15;
$x = 19.15;
var_dump($x);
?>
(iv) Boolean
Boolean is a data type which returns two possible states, TRUE or FALSE.
Example:
$x = true;
$y = false;
echo $x;
echo $y;
(v) Array
Array is a data type which has multiple values in single variable.
Example:
$cars
= array("Computer", "Laptop", "Mobile");
var_dump(Scars);
?>
Output:
array(3) {[0]=> string(5) "Computer" [1]=>
string(3) "Laptop" [2]=> string(6) "Mobile"}
(vi) Object
Object is a data type which contains information about data and function inside the class.
Example:
class School {
function marks() {
$this->sec =
       }
}
// create an object
$school_obj= new School ();
// show object properties
echo Sschool_obj ->sec;
?>
(vii) NULL
It is a special data type which contains a single value: NULL.
Example:
$x="COMPUTER APPLICATION!";
$x = null;
var_dump($x);
?>
Output: NULL
(viii) Resources
It is a specific variable, it has a reference to an external resource.
These variables hold specific handlers to handle files and database connections.
// Open a file for reading
$handle = fopen("note.txt", "r");
var_dump($handle);
echo "
";
// Connect to MySQL database server with default setting
$link= mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "");
var_dump($link);
?>

MYSQL is a database management system and it is ease of use.
Types of Software tools:
(i). Many open source tools are available in the market to design the database in a better and efficient manner.
(ii). PhpMyAdmin is most popular for Web-Administration.
(iii). The Popular Desktop Application tools are MySQL Workbench and HeidiSQL.
1. PHPMYADMIN (Web Admin):
(i). This administrative tools of MySQL is a web application written in PHP.
(ii). They are used predominantly in web-hosting.
(iii). The main feature is providing web interface, importing data from CSV and exporting data to various formats.
(iv). It generates live charts for monitoring MySQL server activities like connections, processes and memory usage.
(v). It also helps in making the complex queries easier.
2. MySQL Workbench (Desktop Application)
(i). It is a database tool used by developers and DBA's mainly for visualization.
(ii). This tool helps in data modeling, development of SQL, server configuration and backup for MySQL.
(iii). Its Basic release version is 5.0 and current version 8.0 support all operating systems.
(iv). The SQL editor of this tool is very flexible and comfortable in dealing multiple results set.
3. HeidiSQL (Desktop Application)
(i). This open source tools helps in the administration of better database systems.
(ii). It supports GUI (Graphical User Interface) features for monitoring server host, server connection, Databases, Table, Views, Triggers and Events.

Converting text in a Text block to a Frame.
(i) Draw the frame of your choice using one of the PageMaker's Frame tool.
(ii) Select the text block you want to insert in the frame.
(iii) Click the frame while pressing the Shift key. Now both elements will be selected.
(iv) Choose Element > Frame> Attach Content on the Menu bar.
(v) Now the text appears in the frame.

1. Some of the opportunities are available in animation and gaming are as Graphic Designer, Web Designer, 2D/3D Animator, 2D/3D Designer, AV Editor, Technicial Trainer, 3D Modeler, etc.
2. Video on demand or movies on demand is a service that provides movies to television sets on an individual basis at homes.
3. Movies are stored in a central server and transmitted through a communication network.