There are many types of cables available in the networking
(i) Coaxial-cables:
(i) Coaxial cable is used to connect the television sets to home antennas.
(ii) It has a copper wire inside and insulation is covered on the top of the copper wire to provide protection to the cable.
(iii) It is very difficult to install and maintain, because they are too big to carry and replace.
(iv) This cable is used to transfer the information at 10 mbps speed. The cable is classified into thinnet and thicknet cables.
(ii) Twisted-Pair Cables:
(i) It is a type of cable with two or more insulated wires twisted together.
(ii) This twisted cable has 8 wires which are twisted to ignore electromagnetic interference.
(iii) There are two types of twisted pair cables, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted pair (STP).
(iii) Fiber Optics:
(i) This cable is made by using strands of glass. It uses pulses of light to send the information.
(ii) They are mainly used in Wide Area Network (WAN). These cables are placed in deep underground to avoid any damage to the cables.
(iii) There are two types of fiber optic cables available, One is single-mode another one is Multimode..
(iv) USB Cables:
(i) The Universal Serial Bus are used to connect keyboard, mouse and other peripheral devices.
(ii) Micro USB is a miniaturized version of the USB used for connecting mobile devices such as smart phones, GPS devices and digital camers.
(v) Serial and parallel cables:
(i) Before Ethernet cable was invented, the Serial and Parallel interface cables were used to connect the system to-the Internet.
(ii) They were sometime used for PC to PC networking.
(iii) E.g. RS232 cable. The serial cable send I bit at time whereas the parallel port send 8 bit at a time.
(vi) Ethernet Cables:
(i) This is a type of twisted pair cable. It is the most common type of network cable mainly used for connecting the computers or devices at home or office.
(ii) This cable connects wired devices within the local area network (LAN) for sharing the resources and accessing Internet

Ethernet cabling is the process of connecting the computers with other devices using Ethernet cables.
the four main components are used in Ethernet cabling components are
(i) Patch cable [Twisted pair]
(ii) RJ45 connector
(iii) Ethernet ports
(iv) Crimping tool.
(i) Patch Cable (Twisted Pair):
(i) These cables are generally made up of 8 wires in different colors. Four of them are solid colours, and the others are striped. 
(ii) Ethernet cables are normally manufactured in several industrial standards such as Cat 3, Cat 5, Cat 6, Cat 6e and Cat 7. "Cat" simply stands for "Category," and the following number indicates the version.
(iii) Latest version denotes faster and higher frequencies, measured in Mhz.
(ii) RJ45 Connector:
(i) The RJ45 connector looks similar like a telephone jack but it looks a slightly wider. In RJ45 the "R" stands for the Registered Jack and the "45" simply refers to the interface standard.
(ii)The RJ45 connector is a small plastic cube. It has eight pins.
(iii) It is connected to each end of the Ethernet cable. It is also known as 8P8C connector.
(iii) Ethernet port:
(i) Ethernet port is an opening which is a part of an Ethernet card.It accepts RJ45 connector with Ethernet cable. It is also called as RJ45 jack.
(ii) It is found on personal computers, laptops routers, switches, hubs and modems.
(iii) Once you inject the plug into the port the two led lights will glow in the computer, one is green and another one is orange. The orange light will start blinking which indicates that the Internet is connected.
(iv) Crimping tool:
(i) Crimping is the process of joining two or more pieces of wire to hold each other.
(ii) The crimping tool is a physical tool which is used to connect the patch wire and the Ethernet connector.
(iii) The crimping looks like a small cutting handle with two mold of Ethernet port.
 

1. The RJ45 connector is a small plastic-cup which will be used to connect the wire inside the connector and ready to connect the internet.
2. In RJ45 the "RJ" stands for the Registered Jack and the "45" stands for the number of interface standard in the cable.
3. Each RJ45 connector has eight pins and connected to each end of the Ethernet cable.
4. Since it has 8 position, 8-contact (8P8C) modular plug, it is also known as 8P8C connector.
5. These plugs (connectors) are then inserted into Ethernet port of the network card.

6. The RJ45 connector has eight small jack inside to connect eight small wires of the patch cable and these are of eight different colors.
7. Wiring schemes specifies how the wires to be connected with RJ45 connector.
8. There are 2 wiring schemes available to terminate the twisted-pair cable on each end, which are T-568A and T-568B.
9. Although 4 pairs of wires are available in the cable, Ethernet uses only 2 pairs: Orange and Green.
10. The other 2 colors (blue and brown) can be used ISDN (or) phone connections.

There are 3 types of wiring techniques to construct the Ethernet cable. It is also known as color coding techniques. They are:
(a) Straight-Through wiring:
(b) Cross-Over wiring; and
(c) Roll-Over wiring.
(a) Straight-Through Wiring:
1. Ethernet cables used for Ethernet connections are "straight-through cables" and these cable wires are in the same sequence at both ends sof the cable.
2. The straight-through wiring cables are mostly used for connecting PC/NIC card to a hub.
3. This is a simple physical connection used in printers, computers and other network interfaces.


(b) Cross-Over Wiring:
1. We need a cross-over cable when ever we connect two computers (or) Ethernet devices directly together without a hub, we use crossover cable.
2. Then the pairs (Tx and Rx lines) will be crossed which means pin 1 & 2 of the plug on one end are connected with pin 3 & 6 of the plug on other end and vice-versa.
3. The easiest way to make a cross-over cable is to make one end to T568A colour coding and the other end to T568B.



(c) Roll-Over Wiring:
1. Roll-over cable is a type of null-modem cable that is often used to connect a device console port to make programming changes to the device.
2. This wire has opposite pin arrangements, all the cables are rolled over to different arrangements.
3. In this cable, the coloured wires are reversed on other end. (i.e.,) The pins in one end are connected with other end in reverse order. (i.e.) (Pin 1 to 8, 2 to 7, 3 to 6, 4 to 5, 5 to 4, 6 to 3, 7 to 2, 8 to 1)
4. It is also known as Yost cable (or) console cable. It is typically flat to distinguish it from other types of network cabling.
5. These all 3 arrangements are used to perform an interface change. But all these 3 arrangements transmits the data at same speed only.

Registered Jacks: A Registered Jack commonly known as RJ is a network interface used for network cabling, wiring and jack construction. The primary function of the registered jack is to connect different data equipment and telecommunication devices. The commonly known registered jacks are RJ-11, RJ-45, RJ-21,and RJ-28. The registered jack refers to the male physical connector (Plug), a female physical connector (Jack) and it's wiring.
Types of Registered Jacks:
(i) RJ-11 :
It is the most popular modern form of registered jack. It is found in home and used for landline phones. There are 6 pins where the two pins give the transmission configuration, the two pins give the receiver configuration and the other two pins will be kept for reserved.
(ii) RJ-14 and RJ-61:
The RJ-14 is also used in telephone lines like RJ-11. It has 6 pins whereas the RJ-61 has 8 pins. RJ-61 uses the twisted pair cable to connect the network devices.
(iii) RJ-21:
The RJ-21 connector has 50 pins with 25 pins at one end and 25 pins at the other end. It is also called as champ connector or Amphenol connector. The Amphenol is a connector manufacturer.The RJ-21 interface is typically used for data-communication trucking applications.