War in Eastern front, 1917
(i) The breakthrough in the east for the Central Powers came with the overthrow of Russia's Tsarist regime in the February 1917 revolution, allowing Germany to concentrate its efforts in the west.
(ii) Soviet Russia wanted peace and consequently it signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (3 March 1918) with Germany.

Conquest of German Colonies:
(i) One important result of the British command of the seas was that the Germans were unable to send aid to their colonies.
(ii) So, all of them, except German East Africa, were captured during the first few months of the war.

The nine states that opposed the Central powers were: Russia, France, Britain, Italy, the United States, Belgium, Serbia, Romania and Greece.

The Central Powers consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria.

Mass production needed large scale supply of raw materials such as grains, cotton, rubber, crude oil, minerals, etc. Industrialists did not want to be dependent on other countries for the supply of raw materials.

The leading powers of the time, Holland, France and England, became major colonial powers with access to overseas markets.

1. In Berlin under Ludendorff, who had organised the former soldiers against the-Republican government.
2. There was another in Munich, a former corporal.
3. He was Adolf Hitler, the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party.

1. Imperialism is the endeavour of the great controllers of industry to broaden the channel.
2. They try to bring in the use of locally unsold goods and unmarketing capital.
3. Foreign markets and foreign funds will be used for this purpose.