1. Thomas Paine, wrote the pamphlet titled Common Sense (1776).
2. In this pamphlet Paine sought to provide arguments to justify the demands of the colonists.
3. The pamphlet had an astounding impact of people.

1. The Bulgarians felt injured and awaited an opportunity to take revenge on Serbia.
2. The passions of the Serbians were inflamed by victory.
3. Anti-Austrian struggle in Serbia and Bosnia became ever more militant.

1. The General Assembly at the initiative of US passed the 'Uniting for Peace resolution'.
2. This clearly set the precedent that if the Security Council could not reach an agreement to intervene in a crisis, then the General Assembly should meet in emergency session and reconned the use of armed force if necessary.
3. USSR regarded this resolution as illegal.
4. The fighting ended with the signing of an armistice in July 1953.

(i) The king setup the Spanish Inquisition through which the Jew and Moor converts were kept in strict vigil.
(ii) Many non-believers were tried, tortured and burnt at the stake.
(iii) The royal house became more powerful than the church.

1. Prussia was successful in establishing the Zollverein (customs union).
2. It included most of the Germanic states except those under the control of Austria.
3. It also provided economic unity to the Germanic states.

1. Dutch recognised Java and Sumatra as independent republican states.
2. Other islands were united and thus the Indonesian United States was formed.
3. Subsequently, the Dutch attempted to twice to disrupt peace in Indonesia.

1. The Kellogg-Briand Pact was signed in the year of 1928.
2. Though the US did not become a member of the League of Nations, it participated in this meet.
3. The outcome of this pact was the pledge of all nations of the world to renounce war.

Rajendra Prasad, Mazharul Huq, Acharya Kripalani and Mahadeva Desai.

She published a book How India brought for Freedom, a weekly The Commonweal, a daily newspaper New India.

1) The patriotism glued with the assertion of Hindu beliefs was not accepable to the Muslims.
2) Also much like their predecessors the leaders of the swadeshi movement failed to penetrate the larger section of the society.
3) The Surat split of 1907 was another contributing factor to this decline.

1) The British fixed the land revenue in cash without any regard to various contingencies, such as failure of crops, fall in prices and droughts or floods.
2) Moreover, the practice of sale in settlement of debt encouraged money lenders to advance money to landholders and resorting to every kind of trickery to rob them of their property.

Famous Indian lawyers like K.F. Nariman and M.C. Chagla appeared in the court on behalf of the accused.

Within twenty years after independence, India achieved self-sufficiency in food production.
1) Total rice production increased from 35 million tonnes in 1960-61 to 104 million tonnes in 2011-12.
2) wheat production was even more impressive, from 11 million tonnes to 94 million tonnes  during the same period
3) This also created an enormous demand for chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and these industries grew as well.
4) There is also a sustained increase in the production of milk and eggs. A large reserve stock of food grain was built up by the government through buying the surplus food grain from the farmers and storing this in warehouses of the Food Corporation of India (FCI).

1) The challenges before free India included grappling with the consequences of partition, planning the economy and reforming the education system, making a Constitution that reflected the aspirations kindled by the freedom struggle, merger of the Princely states, and resolving the diversity on the basis of languages spoken by the people with the needs of a nation-state.
2) Further, a foreign policy that was in tune with the ideals of democracy, sovereignty and fraternity had to be formulated.

1) Subhas Chandra Bose was isolated within the Congress, as most leaders in the organisation's top refused cooperation with him.
2) Bose resigned and the AICC session at Calcutta elected Rajendra Prasad as president.
3) Bose founded the Forward Bloc to function within the Congress and was eventually removed from all positions in the organization in August 1939.

Communalism:
1) Organising a religious group on the basis of its hostility towards the followers of other religions to fight even material issues.
2) Communalism as an ideology or movement has been defined in various ways by various scholars.
3) According to Nehru, communalism is one of the obvious examples of backward-looking people trying to hold on to something that is wholly out of place in the modem world and is essentially opposed to the concept of nationalism.
4) According to another scholar, communalism denotes organised attempt of a group to bring about change in the face of resistance from other groups or the government through collective mobilisation based on a narrow ideology.