Industrial robots are used for welding, cutting, robotic water jet cutting, robotic laser cutting, lifting, sorting, bending, manufacturing, assembling, packing, transport, handling hazardous materials like nuclear waste, weaponry, laboratory research, mass production of consumer and industrial goods.

Household robots are used as vacuum cleaners, floor cleaners, gutter cleaners, lawn mowing, pool cleaning, and to open and close doors.

The key components of a robot are Power conversion unit, Actuators, Electric motors, Pneumatic Air Muscles, Muscle wires, Piezo Motors and Ultrasonic Motors, Sensors, and Robot locomotion.

Cosmology is the branch that involves the origin and evolution of the universe. It deals with formation of stars, galaxy etc.

(i) Higgs particles' also known as "God" particles were discovered and for this, Peter Higgs and Englert received noble prize in physics.
(ii) It is the 'Higgs particle' which gives mass to many particles like protons, neutrons etc.

Aluminum and steel are the most common metals used in robots.

Exploring stars, planets etc., investigation of the mineralogy of the rocks and soils on Mars, analysis of elements found in rocks and soils.

(I) In 1954, George Devol invented the first digitally operated programmable robot called Unimate. George Devol and Joseph Engelberger, the father of the modern robotics industry formed the world's first robot company in 1956.
(ii) In 1961, Unimate, was operated in a General Motors automobile factory for moving car parts around in New Jersey.

The natural structure provides a blueprint for creating ultra-durable synthetic materials that could be useful for mechanical components in electronics, and in other devices that undergo repetitive movement, abrasion and contact stress.

(i) Water repellant nano paints are made.
(ii) Coating with such nano paints give durability, protection against stains and dirt also enhances fuel efficiency when coated on ships.

The scales on the wings of a morpho butterfly contain nanostructures that change the way light waves interact with each other, giving the wings brilliant metallic blue and green hues.

Manipulation of colours by adjusting the size of nano particles with which the materials are made.

Peacock feathers get their iridescent coloration from light interacting with 2 dimensional photonic crystal structures just tens of nanometers thick.

Quantum confinement effects and surface effects are the two important phenomena that govern nano particles.

Nanotechnology is a technology involving the design, production, characterization, and applications of nano structured materials.