India is marked by a diversity of physical features such as mountains, plateaus, plains, coasts and islands.
(i) In the North are the lofty snow-capped Himalayas. 'Him' +'alaya' means 'the abode of snow'.The Himalayan Mountains are divided into three main parallel ranges.
(a) The northernmost is the Great Himalaya or Himadri. The world's highest peaks are located in this range.
(b) The Middle Himalayas or Himachal lies to the South of Himadri. Many popular hill stations are situated here.
(c) The Shiwalik is the southernmost range
(ii) The Northern Indian Plains lie to the South of the Himalayas. They are generally level and flat. These are formed by alluvial deposits laid down by the rivers-the Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra and their tributaries. These river plains provide fertile land for cultivation.

India is a country of vast geographical expanse. In the North, it is bound by the lofty Himalayas.
The Arabian Sea in the West, the Bay of Bengal in the East and the Indian Ocean in the South, wash the shores of the Indian peninsula. India has an area of about 3.28 million sq. km.
The North-South extent from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about 3,200 km. The East-West extent from Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh is about 2,900 km.
The lofty mountains, the Great Indian Desert, the Northern Plains, the uneven plateau surface and the coasts and islands present a diversity of landforms.

India is a vast country and also marked by a diversity of physical features:
Political and administrative division The country is divided into 28 States and 7 Union Territories. The States are further divided into districts.
Physical division such as mountains, plateaus plains, coasts and islands.
The Himalayan Mountains are standing as sentinels in the North. The Northern Indian plains lie to the South of the Himalayas.
The Great Indian Desert lies in the Western part of India. To the South of the Northern plains lies the Peninsular.
The Western Ghats border the plateau in the West and the Eastern Ghats provide the eastern boundary for the plateau plateau.
Two groups of lslands Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea whereas Andaman and the Nicobar Islands lie to the South-East of the Indian mainland in the Bay of Bengal.

(i) People's awareness of the ocean and its movements has been accumulated over years of inhabiting the islands. The isolated tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands survived the Tsunami of December 26 as they had left their coastal settlements when the water receded. They set up temporary camps in the forests of their island, the Little Andaman.
(ii) Tsunami is a huge sea wave generated due to an earthquake on the sea floor.