To find 3 x 3
We have to multiply 3 by 3 i.e. 3 units x 3 (or 3 units 3 times). Let us start from 0, move 3 units to the right of 0.

After making 3 such moves, we reach at 9.
\(\therefore\)  3 x 3 = 9.

To find 3 + 5
Let us start from 3. Since, we have to add 5 to this number, we make 5 jumps to the right of 3. Each jump being equal to 1 unit. After five jumps, we reach at 8.

\(\therefore\)  3 + 5 = 8.

For 6 x 3, start from 0 and move 6 units at a time, make 3 such moves. Then, we reach at 18.

So,   6 x 3 = 18.

(a) 361
(b) 441.

We start from 0, move 5 units at a time to the right, make 4 such moves. We reach at 20

So, 5 x 4 = 20.

We know that, predecessor is one less than the given whole number.
(a) Predecessor of 96 = 96 - 1 = 95
(b) Predecessor of 9998 = 9998 - 1 = 9997.

The given pattern is
                     1 = 12
               1 + 3 = 22
          1+ 3 + 5 = 32
    1+ 3 + 5 + 7 = 42
(a) Sum of first 12 odd numbers
1+ 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 19 + 21 + 23 + 25 = 122 = 1
(b) Similarly, sum of first 50 odd numbers = 502 = 2500.

1 million = 1000000
So, successor of 1000000 = 1000000 + 1
 = 1000001.

Let the whole number be x.
Now, according to the question,
x + 25 + 25 - x = 50.

Smallest 6-digit number = 100000
\(\therefore\) Smallest 6-digit number ending in 5
       = 100000 + 5 = 100005.

According to the associative law under addition,
125 + (68 + 32) = (125 + 68) + 32.