a. A is correct and R explains A

b) R is correct explanation of A

Rahuji Bhonsle

Muhammad I

The Governor appoints the Chief Minister and other Ministers.

(i) The media has a massive responsibility in providing facts.
(ii) The media should help people to express their opinion on important social.
 

Shivaji claimed suzerainty, but he did not administer them himself. He protected the people from loot and plunder for which they were required to pay Chauth (one-fourth of the revenue as protection money)  and Sardeshmuki (an extra one-tenth, as the chieftain's due).

The five independent Deccan kingdoms were Bidar, Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Berar and Golconda.

(i) The Chief Minister is the real executive head of the state administration.
(ii) He allocates the portfolios among the ministers.
(iii) The Council of Ministers are collectively responsible to the State Legislature.
(iv) All the ministers work as a team under the Chief Minister.
(v) The Chief Minister formulates programmes and policies for the welfare of the people of the state.
(vi) The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Legislative Assembly of the state.

(i) Landforms:
Mountains, Plateaus, Canyons, Valleys, Caves, Cirques, Sand dunes, Coral reefs, Cliffs, etc.,
(ii) Water:
Rivers, Lakes, Waterfalls, Hot springs and Geysers, Snow and Glacier, Water Currents, Tides and Waves.
(iii) Vegetation:
Forest, Grasslands, Moors, Deserts etc.,
(iv) Climate:
Sunshine, Clouds, Admirable Temperature, Rain and Snow.
(v) Animal life:
(a) Wildlife: Birds, Game Reserves, Zoos.
(b) Hunting and Fishing
(vi) Setflement features:
(a) Towns, Cities, Villages
(b) Historical remains and Monuments
(vii) Culture: 
Ways of life, traditions, folklore, arts and crafts.

Shivaji's political system consisted of three circles. At the centre was the swaraj. Shivaji would not allow the people to be harassed in any way. In the second circle, Shivaji claimed suzerainty, He protected the people from loot and plunder for which they were required to pay chauth (one fourth of the revenue as protection money) and sardeshmukhi (an extra one-tenth, as the chieftain's due). In the third circle, Shivaji's only objective was plunder. Deshmukhs held sway over rural regions and their control was over between twenty and hundred villages. Each village had a powerful headman (patil), who was assisted by a village accountant of a keeper of records (kulkami).
Army:
Shivaji gave utmost attention to his army and training of its personnel. In the beginning, the backbone of his army was the infantry. In the plains, his cavalry force grew in size and importance. Every soldier was selected personally by Shivaji. Retired captains holding a high reputation were put in charge of guarding the forts.
Ashtapradha
Shivaji designated eight ministers as the Ashtapradhan, each holding an important portfolio. Peshwa was the equivalent of a modem prime minister in the Maratha Empire. Originally, they were subordinates to the Chhatrapati.Shivaji was influenced by the Mughal revenue system. The assessments were made on the actual yield, with three-fifths left to the cultivator and two-fifths taken by the government. In judicial administration, civil cases continued to be decided by the panchayat, the village council, while criminal law was based on the shastras, the Hindu law hooks.
Responsibilities of the Astarpradhan:
Pantpradhan / Peshwa - Prime Minister
Amatya / Mazumdar - Finance Minister
Shurunavis/Sacheev - Secretary
Waqia-Navis - Interior Minister
Sar-i-Naubat / Senapati  - Commander-in-Chief
Sumant / Dubeer - Foreign Minister
Nyayadhish - Chief Justice
Panditrao - High Priest

(i) The famous peacock throne, covered with expensive jewels, was made during Shah Jahan's time for the emperor to sit on. The world famous Taj Mahal, the Moti Masjid, the pearl mosque at Agra, the Jama Masjid of Delhi, the Diwan-iKhas and Diwan - i Am in his palace exhibit his taste for Art and Architecture.
(ii) Babur built many structures at Agra, Biana, Dholpur, Gwalior and Kiul in Persian style of Architecture.
(iii) Sher shah built a mausoleum at Sasaram. Diwan-i-khas, Diwan-i-Am, panch Mahal Rang Mahal, Salim Chishti's tomb and Buland Darwazawere built during Akbar's time.
(iv) Jahangir completed Akbar's, tomb at Sikandara and the beautiful building containing the tomb of Itmad-ud-daula, at Agra.
(v) During Aurangzeb's reign, architecture did not receive much patronage.

The main causes of the decline of the Vijayanagar empire were
(i) After Krishna Devaraya, the rulers were inefficient in the Vijayanagar empire. Making use of the situation the commanders declared independence.
(ii) There were frequent wars between Vijayanagar and Bahmani kingdom which made the country economically weak.
(ii) Finally, the sultans of Deccan kingdoms formed a league against Vijayanagar. The combined forces of the enemies defeated Vijayanagar in the Battle of Talikota in 1565 A.D.
(iv) These Sultans destroyed the buildings, palaces, temples and the capital city of Hampi.

Kodaikanal, Ooty - TamilNadu
Nainital, Mussoorie - Uttarakhand
Darjeeling - West Bengal
Gulmarg - Jammu & Kashmir
Shillong - Meghalaya

Anything which can be used for satisfying the human needs is called resource. Natural resources are resources that exist without action of humankind.

Babur did not have any ambition beyond Punjab till 1524. Then a greater opportunity came knocking. Dilawar Khan, who was Daulat Khan Lodi's son, and Alam Khan, who was the uncle of Sultan of Delhi, arrived in Kabul to seek Babur's help in removing Ibrahirn Lodi from power. Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi in the famous Battle of Panipat in 1526.