The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at Panipat near Delhi in 1761. The king of the Afghans, Ahmad Shah Abdali, invaded eight times before finally marching onto Delhi. The Marathas were now divided among several commanders, who approached the battle with different tactics. Artillery decided the battle in January 1761. The mobile artillery of the Afghans proved lethal against both Maratha cavalry and infantry.

Marathas under Shambhuji were in no position to resist the Mughals. Aurangzeb himself arrived in the Deccan in 1681. Aurangzeb's main goal was the annexation of Bijapur and Golconda. These two sultanates fell to Aurangzeb by 1687. In little over a year, Shambhuji was captured by the Mughals and, after torture, put to death.

The revenue administration of Peshwas was headed by a key official called the kamavisdar. He was appointed by the Peshwa. He was empowered to maintain a small body of soldiers to police the administrative area, from where tribute or tax had to be collected.

Shivaji claimed suzerainty, but he did not administer them himself. He protected the people from loot and plunder for which they were required to pay Chauth (one-fourth of the revenue as protection money)  and Sardeshmuki (an extra one-tenth, as the chieftain's due).

The spread of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra helped the Maratha people develop consciousness of their identity and oneness. It promoted a feeling of unity, especially in terms of social equality, among the Marathas.

Revenue administration of Shivaji :
(i) Shivaji abolished the zamindari system.
(ii) Loans were provided to the farmers in the times of famine.
(iii) The state also collected custom duties and professional taxes.
(iv) The two important taxes collected during his time were Chauth and Sardeshmuki.
Revenue administration of Peshwas:
(i) The revenue administration of peshwas was headed by a key official called the kamavisdar.
(ii) He was expowered to maintain a small body of soldiers to police the administrative area, from where tribute or tax had to be collected.
(iii) A prospective tax or revenue collector who won the contract was expected to have a reputation for wealth and probity.
(iv) He was required to pay a portion of the whole of the anticipated revenue - one third to one half-either out of his own wealth or from the money borrowed from bankers.