(i) Identifying profitable investible opportunities
(ii) Deciding the location of the production unit
(iii) Making innovations

(i) Form utility,
(ii) Time utility and
(iii) Place utility

Single party system, Bi-party system, and multi-party system.

(i) Equality is ensuring individuals or groups that are not treated differently or-less favourably on the basis of specific protected characteristic, including areas of race, gender, disability, religion or belief, sexual orientation and age.
(ii) Gender Equality is the equal right of both men and women to have access to opportunities and resources.

Cirque, Aretes, U' Shaped Valley

The layer of the earth beneath the crust is called the mantle. It is separated from the crust by a boundary called Mohorovicic discontinuity.

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The functions are
(i) Decision making
(ii) Management control
(iii) Division of income
(iv) Risk-Taking
(v) Uncertainty-Bearing

(i) Volcanoes are also grouped according to-their periodicity of eruptions such as active, dormant and extinct.
(ii) These names refer to the state of activity rather than the types of volcanoes
(iii) Active Valcanoes that erupt frequently are called active volcanoes. Most of the active volcanoes lie in the Pacific Ring of Fire belt which lies along the Pacific coast.
(iv) Mt. Stromboli in Mediterranean Sea, St.Helens in USA, Pinatubo in Philippines.
(v) Dormant volcanoes have shown no sign of activity for many years but they may become active at any time. It is also called Sleeping Volcano
(vi) Vesuvius mountain of Italy, Mt Fujiyama in Japan, Mt. Krakatoa of Indonesia are famous examples of this types.
(vii) Extinct The top of extinct volcanic mountains have been eroded. Mt Popa of Myanmar and Mt. Kilimanjaro and Mt. Kenya of Africa are examples of extinct volcanoes.

(i) The picture and the legend on the coins convey the names of kings with their titles and portraits, events, places, dates, dynasties and logos.
(ii) The composition of metals in the coins gives us information on the economic condition of the empire.
(iii) Mention of king's achievements like military conquests, territorial expansion, trade links and religious faith can also be found in the coins.
(iv) Muhammad Ghori had stamped the figure of Goddess Lakshmi on his gold coins and had his name inscribed on it.
(v) This coin tells us that this early Turkish invader was in all likelihood liberal in religious outlook.
(vi) Copper Jitals are available for the study of the period of the Delhi Sultans.
(vii) Silver Tanka introduced by Iltutmish, Ala-ud-din Khalji's gold coins, Muhammad-bin- Tughluq's copper token currency are indicative of coinage as well as the economic prosperity or otherwise of the country of the time.
(viii) Ajital contained 3.6 grains of silver. Forty eight jitals were equal to 1 silver tanka.

The upper part of the earth crust is SIAL.