(i) The range of Khalji conquests is impressive in the Punjab (against the Mongols), in Rajasthan and in Gujarat. With his northern frontiers secure, he sent his chief lieutenant Malik Kafur into the southern parts who took even the distant Madurai.
(ii) Thus Ala-ud-din Khalji consolidated the Delhi Sultanate.

In order to counter the possible attack of the Mongols, Iltutmish organised Turkish nobility into a select group of 40 nobles known as chaha/gani or The Forty.

Muslim rule in India was established by Muhammad Ghori in 12^thcentury A.D. (CE).

Iqta is the land granted to army officials in lieu of a regular wage.

Muhammaad-bin- Tughlug was a learned but cruel man. He was a poor decision maker. There was chaos in the social, economic and political condition of the empire because of his ambiguous decisions. The first and foremost was changing the capital from Delhi to Devagiri or Daulatabad and vice versa which led to loss of money and human lives. He also ordered the revenue to be collected in money instead of grains. This move led to bankruptcy and famine. Though he was wise and learned his hasty decisions led to his downfall.

(i) The sacking and massacre by Tamerlane or Timur of Delhi came a decade after Firuz Shah Tughluq died.
(ii) Timur had occupied some parts in the north-west of India.
(iii) Taking advantage of India's weakness, he entered India in December 1398 and plundered Delhi.
(iv) Punjab, besides the Delhi city, was the province that suffered most by Timur's raid.
(v) Apart from carrying huge wealth in the form of gold, silver, jewels, also took along Indian artisans like carpenters and masons to work on monuments in Samarkand.