Tissues

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Questions:

1 Marks

3 x 1 = 3

What is the specific function of the cardiac muscle?

What is the utility of tissues in multi-cellular organisms?

What is a tissue?

Generic 2

7 x 2 = 14

Sclerenchyma, a plant tissue, makes the plant hard and stiff.The cells of this tissue are dead. Their walls thickened due to deposition of lignin.They are long and narrow. You must have seen husk of a coconut fruit. It is used as coir fibre to make door mats, mattings (to cover floors), ropes, carpets, etc. They are tough, rough and strong yet they are degradable in nature.On the basis of above information answer the following questions:
(i) Name of two plants other than coconut from which we obtain sclerenchymatous fibres for commercial use.
(ii) In which garbage-non biodegradable or biodegradable, you will through husk of coconut after taking out coconut water from the coconut fruits?
(iii) What key messages these information conveys to us.

The skin, which protects the body, is made of
(i) epidermis squamous epithelial tissue. Since they are arranged in a pattern of layers, the epithelium is called stratified squamous epithelium.
(ii) dermis which lies below epidermis, made up of fibrous tissues and contains hair follicles, sebacious glands, sweat glands, nerve ending, etc.
(iii) the subcutaneous tissue is the deepest layer.
The sebacious glands secrete.a oily material called sebum which spread over the skin.The sweat glands secret sweat which is a dilute salt solution.Due to sebum and sweat dirt, viruses, bacteria, fungal spores, etc. get attached to the skin where they grow and may cause skin diseases.Find out about the common skin diseases and answer the following questions:
(i) Name some common skin diseases.
(ii) What should we do to prevent such skin diseases?
(iii) What is the key message conveyed by this information?

What are the functions of the stomata?

Give three features of cardiac muscles.

List four elements of phloem. Which one of them is most important and why?

Write major functions of stomata present in the epidermis.

10.

Explain how the bark of a tree is formed. How does it act as a protective tissue?

Generic 3

4 x 3 = 12

11.

Give the differences between tendon and ligament.

12.

Differentiate between bone and cartilage.

13.

Describe structure, location and function of squamous epithelium, cuboidal epithelium, columnar epithelium and striated squamous.

14.

What is the difference between
(i) meristematic cells and permanent cells?
(ii) parenchyma and collenchyma?

Fill up / 1 Marks

6 x 1 = 6

15.

Ligament and bone are example of ............... tissue.

16.

Animal epithelial tissue is classified as ..........., cuboidal, columnar, ciliated and ...............

17.

Xylem and phloem are ............... plant tissues.

18.

A group of cells similar in structure and function is called as .................

19.

Chlorenchyma is a type of ............... which contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis.

20.

The growth of plants occurs only in certain regions because the dividing tissue called .............. tissue located only at that regions.

Multiple Choice Question

1 x 1 = 1

21.

Aerenchyma is richly found in

(a)

xerophytes

(b)

mesophytes

(c)

halophytes

(d)

hydrophytes

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Answers Key:

1 Marks

3 x 1 = 3

The specific function of cardiac muscle is to contract and relax rhythmically throughout life.

It helps in growth, organisation of different organs and performing different functions.

Tissue is a group of cells that are similar in structure and are organised together to perform a specific task.

Generic 2

7 x 2 = 14

(i) Jute and Hemp.
(ii) In biodegradable garbage.
(iii) (a) Plants contain some dead tissues also.
(b) Even dead tissues or dead plant parts are biodegradable and do not pollute our environment, as non-biodegradable substances do.

(i) Common skin disease: Itching, foul smell from the body, lesions, eczema, athlete's foot disease, herpes, etc.
(ii) (a) We should take bath daily, using good quality of bathing soap. After bath, use a clean towel to dry your body.
(b) We should also keep our face, hands and feet clean and dry.
(iii) To live healthy, we must pay attention towards our personal cleanliness and personal hygiene.

Functions of stomata:
(i) Exchange of gases, particularly \({ CO }_{ 2 }\) and \({ O }_{ 2 },\) with atmosphere.
(ii) Loss of water in the form of vapour during transpiration.

(i) Cardiac muscle cells are cylindrical branched and uninucleate.
(ii) The show rhythmic contraction and relaxation throughout life.
(iii) They are involuntary muscles.

Phloem consists of following four elements:
(i) Sieve tubes
(ii) Companion cells
(iii) Phloem parenchyma
(iv) Phloem fibres.
The most important element of phloem is sieve tubes because they translocate food materials from leaves to other parts of plant.

Major Functions of Stomata:
(i) Stomata are essential for exchange of gases-oxygen and carbon dioxide between the plant and the atmosphere.
(ii) Normally, plants remove excessive water in the form of vapour through stomata. This process is called Transpiration.

10.

As trees grow old, a strip of secondary meristem replaces the epidermis of the stem. Cells on the outside are cut off from this layer. This forms the several layer thick cork or the bark of the tree. Bark is a mass of dead tissue lying in the peripheral region of the plant body as a hard dry covering. Its function is protection. It protects the inner tissues against the attack of fungi and insects, against loss of water by evaporation, etc.

Generic 3

4 x 3 = 12

11.

The differences between tendon and ligament are as follows:

Tendon	Ligament
It is strong and non-flexible in nature.	It is elastic and flexible in nature.
It joins muscles to bones.	It joins bones to bones.
It is formed of white fibrous connective tissue.	It is formed of yellow fibrous connective tissue.

12.

Bone	Cartilage
1. Bone is inflexible and hard.	1. Cartilage is usually flexible or elastic and soft.
2. Its matrix contains protein ossein and calcium phosphate.	2. The matrix of the cartilage contains protein chondrin and usually lacks calcium.
3. Bone cells (i.e., osteocytes) have irregular outlines due to the presence of a number of protoplasmic outgrowths.	3. The cells of cartilage, chondrocytes, are oval in outline.
4. The lacunae (cavities or spaces) are provided with numerous fine branches called canaliculi.	4. The canaliculi are absent.
5. Its matrix shows concentric lamellae.	5. Matrix is homogeneous.
6. Bone has Haversian canals and the marrow cavity.	6. Cartilage is devoid of such structures.

13.

S.No.	Type of Epithelium	Structure	Location in the body	Function
1.	Squamous epithelium	Cells are flat, which fit together to form delicate lining.	Alveoli of the lungs Blood capillaries. Bowman's capsule of nephron in kidney.	Exchange of gases in the lungs. Exchange of materials and gases between body cells and blood, Ultrafiltration of blood.
2.	Cuboidal epithelium	Cells are cuboidal with centric and rounded nuclei.	Tubule of nephron in kidney. Duct of salivary glands.	Selective reabsorption of useful materials and water.
3.	Columnar epithelium	Cells are more tall than wide, placed side by side. The nucleus is situated near the bases.	Internal surface of stomach and intestine.	Absorption of digested food.
4.	Striated squamous epithelium	Flat cells arranged in many layers.	Skin	Protection, prevent wear and tear.

14.

(i) Difference between Meristematic cells and Permanent cells

Meristematic Cells	Permanent Cells
1. They have dense cytoplasm and a large centrally placed nucleus.	1. They have a large central vacuole, and normal nucleus.
2. These cells are capable of dividing to produce new cells.	2. They attain permanent shape and are not capable of producing new cells.

(ii) Difference between Parenchyma and Collenchyma

Parenchyma	Collenchyma
1. It is living and mainly storage tissue.	1. It is living and mainly provides tensile strength to stem and leaf stalk.
2. Parenchymatous cells have large intercellular spaces. Their walls do not have thickening at the corners.	2. Collenchymatous cells have very little intercellular spaces. They have thickening at the corners of cell walls.

Fill up / 1 Marks

6 x 1 = 6

15.

()
connective

16.

()
squamous, glandular

17.

()
complex

18.

()
tissue

19.

()
parenchyma

20.

()
meristematic

Multiple Choice Question

1 x 1 = 1

21.

(d)
hydrophytes

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