Slave trade was very important for imperialist because:
(a) The Europeans were relucant to go and work in distant unfamiliar lands. Slave trade, helped Europeans overcome shortage of labour on plantations. In colonies in the Caribbean-Martinique, Gaudeloupe and San Domingo.

The 'Reign of Terror' (1793-1794) bacame possible because of the overthrow of all familar established forms of government in France. Moreover, France at this time was faced with the double menace of counter revolution at home and invasion from abroad.

(i) A large number, among the Jacobins decided to start wearing long stripped trousers similar to those worn by dock workers
(ii) This was to set themselves apart from the fashionable sections of society, especially nobles, who wore knee-breeches.
(iii) It was a way of proclaiming the end of power by wearers of knee breeches.
(iv) These Jacobins came to be known as sans-culottes literally meaning 'those without knee breeches'.

(i) Jacobin clubs were political clubs that spring up after the revlutionary wars.
(ii) These clubs were important rallying point for point for people who wished to discuss government policies and plan their own forms of action.
(iii) It got its name from the former convent of St  Jacob in Paris
Their leader was Maximilian Robespierre.

(a) The French ports of Bordeaux and Nantes owed their prosperity to slave trade.
(b) Slave trade was abolished in France in 1848.

The Rule of the Directory was siginificiant because its political instability paved the way for the rise of the military dictator Napoleon Bonaparte

Louis XVI was publicly executed on 21st January 1793 at Place de la Concorde. Louis XVI was sentenced to death by the court on charge of treason. The queen met with the same fate shortly after.

Maximilian Robespierre was the leader of the most successful political club,the jacobins. He reigned in France from 1793 to 1794. His period of rule is referred to as the 'Reign of Terro'.

1774:
Louis XVI of the Bourbon family of Kings ascended the throne of France. He was 20 years old. The new king found an empty treasury and growing discontent within society of the Old Regime.
1789:
In May 1789, the King (Louis XVI) convened the Estates General to pass proposals for new taxes. On 20th June the representatives of the third Estate, who had walked out of the assembly of the convened Estates General, formed the National Assembly. On 14th July 1789, the Bastille, the fortress-prison was stormed. It was followed by outbreak of peasant revolts in the countrysides.
1791:
A Constitution was framed to limit the powers of the king and to guarantee basic rights (like freedom of speech, freedom of opinion, right to life and equality before law) to all human beings.
1792-93:
France became a republic and Louis XVI was beheaded on charges of treason on 21st January 1793. The Jacobin republic was overthrown. The Directory ruled France.
1804:
Napoleon Bonaparte became the Emperor of France. In the name of carrying the revolution he annexed large parts of Europe. His revolutionary ideas of liberty and modern laws had an impact on people of Europe long after Napoleon had left.

(i) One of the most revolutionary social reforms of the Jacobins was the abolition of slavery in French colonies
(ii) Throughout the 18th century there was little criticism of slavery in France. The National Assembly held long debates on rights of men and whether they should be extended to all French subjects including those in French colonies. It did not pass any laws fearing opposition from businessmen whose incomes depended on slve trade.
(iii) IN 1794 it was finally the Convention which legislated to free all slaves in French overseas possessions
(iv) It was however a short-term measure because in 1804 Napoleon reintroduced slavery.
(v) Planation owners understood their freedom including the right to enslave African Negroes in pursuit of their economic interests. Slavery was finally abolished in 1848.

(i) The slave trade between Europe,Africa and America is termed as triangular slave trade.
(ii) The slave trade began in the 17th century. French merchants sailed from ports of Bordeaux or Nantes to the African coast where they bought the salves fromj local chieftains.
(iii) There they were sold to plantatin owners in the Caribbeans
(iv) The exploitation of slave labour made it possible to meet the growing demand in European markets for sugar, coffee and indigo.
(v) Port cities like Bordeaux and Nantes owed their economuc prosperity to the flourishing slave trade.
(vi) The Jacobins under Robespierre abolished slavery from French colnies in 1794. It was however a short term measure because in 1804 Napoleon reintroduced slavery. However in 1848 slavery was finally abolished

(i) Women were disappointed by the constitution of 1791 because it reduced them to 'passive' citizens.
(ii) Despite being active participants in the revolution, they were denied the right to vote, to be elected to the Assembly, and to hold political office.

(i) The Directory was an executive made up of ive members
(ii) This was meant as a safeguard against concentration of power in a one man executive as under the Jacobins.
(iii) It was appointed by the two elected legislative councils that came into being under the new constitution after the fall of the Jacobins.
Drawbacks:
(i) The Directors often clashed with the legislative councils, who sought to dismiss them.
(ii) The political instability of the Directory paved the way for the rise of a military dictator, Napoleon Bonaparte

(i) Jacobin clubs became an important rallying point for people who wished to discuss government policies and plans and their own forms of action.
(ii) In 1792, the Jacbins planned an insurrection of large number of Parisians who were angered by short supplies and high food proces.
(iii) On the morning of August 10,1792. They stormed the Palace of the Tuileries, massacred the king's greeds and held the king as hostage for several hours.
(iv) Later the Assembly voted to imprison the royal family.
(v) Elections were held and from then all men of 21 years regardless of wealth were given thr right to vote.
(vi) The newly elected assembly was called the Convention.
(vii) On 21 Sept 1792 it abolished the monarch and declared France a republic.
(viii) They ruled France under their leader Maximilian Robespierre from 1793 to 1740. Robespierre's reign was known as 'Reign of Terror'.

(i) Jacobin clubs became an important rallying point for people who wished to discuss government policies and plans and their own forms of action.
(ii) In 1792, the Jacbins planned an insurrection of large number of Parisians who were angered by short supplies and high food proces.
(iii) On the morning of August 10,1792. They stormed the Palace of the Tuileries, massacred the king's greeds and held the king as hostage for several hours.
(iv) Later the Assembly voted to imprison the royal family.
(v) Elections were held and from then all men of 21 years regardless of wealth were given thr right to vote.
(vi) The newly elected assembly was called the Convention.
(vii) On 21 Sept 1792 it abolished the monarch and declared France a republic.
(viii) They ruled France under their leader Maximilian Robespierre from 1793 to 1740. Robespierre's reign was known as 'Reign of Terror'.