The white racist government of South Africa use force to rule the country. It divided the country on the basis of color and followed official policy of apartheid. The people were not allowed to protest or from any kind of association.

The apartheid system divided the people ob the basis of their skin color.
1. The native people of South Africa are black in color.
2. Besides black South African and white European, there were people of mixed races who were called 'colored' and people who migrated from India.
3. The white rulers treated all nonwhites as inferiors.

In India, British occupied it and ruled over without any interest to settle down whereas in South Africa a large number of 'whites' settled and became the local rulers.

Nelson Mandela was tried for treason by the South African government. He and seven other leaders were sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964 for daring to oppose the apartheid regime in his country.

The people of India.

(i) Mahatma Gandhiji was involved directly in the making of the constitution nor was the member of constituent assembly
(ii) However, his influence on the making and makers of the constitution was immense
(iii) Hisidea of equality of all both social and economic , special provisions to minority, women and lower caste was adopted in the constitution.
(iv) The constitution also lays special emphasis on Panchayati raj, self-reliance,socialism. These all; were the core alues of gandhiji philosophy's.

(i) India has a written constitution and is one of the lengthiest in the world.
(ii) It proides for parlimentary for of government . Parlimentary.
(iii) Independent judiciary system.

1. Meaning of Policy The Policy of Apartheid was a system of racial discrimination unique to South Africa. It was imposed on the blacks by the white Europeans. In this system, the blacks were forbidden from living in white areas. They could work in white areas only if they had a permit. Trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools, colleges, libraries, cinema halls, theatres, beaches, swimming pools, public toilets, etc were all separate for the whites and the blacks.
2. End of Policy This policy came to an end on 26th April, 1994, when the Republic of South Africa was born with a multi-racial government.

The basic values embodied into institutional arrangements were
(i) The value of the universal adult franchise was embodied by laying down a procedure for choosing persons to govern the country, i.e., how elections will be conducted.
(ii) The value of right to freedom and equality was embodied by providing fundamental rights to all citizens, which will not be violated.
(iii) The Value of being in accordance with people's aspirations and changes in society was embodied by provisions to incorporate changes from time to time, which are called constitutional amendments.

The making of the Constitution for a huge and diverse country like India was not an easy affair. The country was born through a partition which was a traumatic experience. The major factors which contributed to the making of our Constitution were
(i) At that time, people of India were emerging from the status of subjects to that of citizens. They became conscious of their rights and privileges.
(ii) Our leaders gained confidence to learn from other countries, but on our own terms. Many of them were inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution.
(iii) They were also influenced by the practices of Parliamentary democracy in Britain and the Bill of Rights in the US.
(iv) Social Revolution in Russia inspired many Indians to think of shaping a system based on social and economic equality.
(v) The makers of the Constitution were not simply imitating the Constitution of other countries. At each step, they were questioning whether the values and ideals they accepted suited our country or not.