(i) Expansion of trade.
(ii) The Production of more food.
(iii) Emergence of factory workers as a new class.
(iv) Development in transport and communication.

(i) By the end of the nineteenth century, France had became prominent for its automobiles.
(ii) In 1898 Louis Renault built the quadricycle. He began to produce in large quantities under his company the Societe Renault Freres (Company Renault Brothers).

(i) A labour protest took place on 4 May 1886 at Hay market square in Chicago.
(ii) It began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight hour day resulted in the killing of several workers by the police.
(iii) To commemorate the Haymarket Affair 1 May 1887 is observed as the Labour day or May day or International Workers Day.

(i) With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, England became the workshop of the world.
(ii) There was however a general decline in agriculture.
(iii) This resulted in the flow of population from village to industrial towns.
(iv) Population growth, migration and urbanization were the social changes taking place.
(v) In pre-industrial society over 80% of people lived in rural areas.
(vi) As the migration from the country side began to intensify small towns became large cities.

(i) The houses were tiny, dirty and sickly for the labouring class.
(ii) Workers had no time to clean or change their own atmosphere even if they wished to, led to the out break of typhoid, cholrea and small pox.