(a) Amon was an "Egyptian God".

b. The cuneiform inscriptions relate to the epic of Gilgamesh.

(i) The Great Wall of China, one of the wonders of the world, was a massive effort undertaken for the protection of China from the Mongols.
(ii) In 220 BCE, under Qin Shi Huang, earlier fortifications were connected by walls as a form of defence against invasions.
(iii) It was built from third century BCE until 17th century CE.
(iv) It ran for over 20,000 kilometres covering the hills and plains, from the border of Korea in the east to the Ordos Desert in the west.

1. The Ziggurats were at the city centre on a platform and appeared like steep pyramids, with staircases leading to the top.
2. Around this temple were complexes of ceremonial courtyards, shrines, burial chambers for the priests and priestesses, ceremonial banquet halls, along with workshops, granaries storehouses and administrative buildings.

1. The Numerous sculpture, paintings and carvings attest to the artistic skills of Egyptians.
2. Their writing is also a form of art.
3. Giza pyramids are considered to be one of the wonders of the world.
4. These monuments display the engineering, architectural and human resource management skills of the Egyptians.

Philosophy:
1. Lao Tze was the master achive keeper of Chou state. He was the founder of Taoism.
2. He argued that desire is the root cause of all evils.
Confucius:
1. Confucius was famous among the Chinese philosophers and a political reformer.
2. He insisted on cultivation of one's own personal life.
3. He said, "If personal life is cultivated, family life is regulated and once family life is regulated, national life is regulated."
Mencius:
1. Mencius was another well-known Chinese philosopher.
2. He travelled throughout China and offered his counsel to the rulers.
Literature:
1. Chinese poets and philosophers contributed to the development of Chinese civilisation.
2. Sun-Tzu, B military strategist, wrote the work called Art of War.
3. The Spring and Autumn Annals is the official chronicle of the state at the time.
4. The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Medicine is considered China's earliest written book on medicine.
5. It was codified during the time of Han Dynasty.

1. The pyramids are massive monuments built by Egyptians as tombs of mourning to the Pharaohs. The Great Pyramids near Cairo are known as the Gizza Pyramids.
2. (a) The Egyptians had the tradition of preserving the dead bodies using Natron salt, a combination of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate.
(b) The preservation process is called mummification.
(c) After 40 days when the salt absorbed all the moisture, the body was filled with sawdust and wrapped in strips of linen clothes and covered with fabric. The body was stored in a stone coffin called sarcophagus.
3. (a) The Egyptians believed in life after death.
(b) Egyptian practiced polytheism. They worshipped many Gods.
4. The Great sphinx of Giza is a massive limestone image of a lion with a human head. It is dated to the time of Pharaoh Khafre. It is one of the largest sculptures of the world and measures seventy three metres in length and twenty metres in height.

1. (a) Civilisation is seen as an advanced, organised way of life.
(b) It instilled it way of life that could be considered as an adaptation to particular environmental and cultural contents.
2. The Egyptian, Mesopotamian, the Chinese and the Indus were the important Civilisations.
3. The surplus food production by the farmers in the fertile regions supported the livelihood of a large number of people.
4. As civilizations began to take shape, huge buildings were built, the art of writing developed and science and technology contributed to the betterment of society.