Following are the causes of unemployment in India.
(a) Excessive Burden of population on cultivation - Land is fixed as regards its area and geographical situations so employment opportunities from agriculture and its allied services are very limited.  In such economies employment opportunities will have to be created in large number.  If it cannot be attained, unemployment will tend to mount.
(b) Nearly 80% of rural households in India are in small and marginal farmer category.
(c) These farmers need to be supported through adequate facility for timely delivery of seeds, agricultural inputs, credit, storage facilities and marketing outlets.
(d) In the urban areas, unorganized sector comprises mainly of workers in small scale industry casual workers in constructions trade and transport etc., and also those who work as street vendors, head load workers, garment makers, rag pickers etc.,
(e) The casual workers in both rural and urban areas need to be protected.
(f) We also find that majority of workers from scheduled castes, tribes and backward communities find themselves in the unorganized sector.

Open unemployment is an unemployment which is clearly visible and seen that some people who want to work but do not have the work. One such example is educated unemployment.
Disguised unemployment is a situation when some people are underemployed. They only divide the labour effort without any effective contribution to the growth of the sector. They are mostly found in primary sectors because of unavailability of work for them. If they are drawn out from work, there will be no such effect on production.
Disguised unemployment is more harmful than open unemployment because it often cannot be properly addressed due to its hidden nature and the potential of the human resource cannot be tapped.

Table showing study of employment and income in Ahmedabad is as follows

Ways of generating more employment are
(i) To set-up industries that process vegetables and agricultural produce like potato, rice, wheat fruits, etc. which can be sold in outside market.
(ii) To promote and locate industries and services in outskirts of the city where a large number of people can get employment.

Economic activities are classified into two types on the basis of employment conditions
(i) Organised Sector The organised sector covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work. They are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations which are given in various laws such as the Factories Act, Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, Shops Act, etc. Examples are Reliance Industries Limited, Tata Motors, etc
(ii) Unorganised Sector The unorganised sector contains enterprises not registered by the government. The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units, which do not follow proper rules for employment or give any leaves or other benefits. Examples are casual workers in construction, shops, garages, etc.

Yes, workers are exploited in the unorganized sector.  This would be clear from the following points:
(a) There is no fixed number of working hours.  The workers normally work 10 - 12 hours without paid overtime.
(b) They do not get other allowances apart from the daily wages.
(c) Government rules and regulations to protect the labourers are not followed there.
(d) There is no job security.
(e) Jobs are low paid the workers in this sector are generally illiterate, ignorant and unorganized.  So they are not in a position to bargain or secure good wages.
(f) Being very poor they are always heavily in debt.  So, they can be easily made to accept lower wages.

(a) 99.17%
(b) In case of agriculture, there is a blurred line between employers and employees.  Let worker; in this case; does not have the facility of fixed working hours.  He may or may not be getting adequate wages.  There is not social security net present.  Hence, agriculture can be kept under unorganised sector.
(c) 7%, 93%

(a) Development of small scale and large scale industries can help in increasing employment in urban areas.
(b) Development of these industries will also result in development of the tertiary sector: which would further boost the employment generation.
(c) To support all these activities, there is also the need to develop the infrastructure like power, telecommunication and road

We should worry about underemployment as due to this, the earning capacity of a person is reduced, resulting in a poor standard of living. Ultimately, this can also lead to poverty.

The history of developed countries indicate that the shifts have taken place from primary to secondary and then to tertiary sector.

Primary Sector This sector of the economy involves conversion of natural resources into primary products. Thus, this sector is directly associated with nature.
Secondary Sector It include those activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through manufacturing.
Tertiary Sector The activities that help in the development of primary and secondary sectors are covered in tertiary sector.