(a) Atomic number of Nitrogen is 7 and electronic configuration is 2, 5. Atomic number of Phosphorus is 15 and electronic configuration is 2, 8, 5.
(b) Phosphorus will be more electronegative because phosphorous and nitrogen both are non-metals. Phosphorous is situated in the lower side than Nitrogen. In non-metals, as we go top to bottom the electronegativity is increased.

Mineral :
            It is a naturally occurring substance which contains elements or compounds.
Ores :
       Those minerals which contain a very large percentage of a particular metal and the metal can be extracted economically are called ores.

(a) Metals are malleable and ductile i.e. it can be drawn into sheets and wires, it does not break due to high tensile strength and therefore it can be used for our needs.
(b) Nitric acid is strong oxidising agent, when metals react with nitric acid it does not release H₂ gas as oxidise it to form H₂ O.

(i) Metals are regarded as electropositive elements because they lose electrons to form metal cations.
(ii) When a piece of copper metal is added to .a solution of zinc sulphate, no change takes place since copper is less reactive than zinc and hence will not displace it from zinc sulphate solution. When some zinc is put into blue copper sulphate solution, the blue colour of the copper sulphate solution fades gradually due to the formation of colourless zinc sulphate and red-brown copper metal is deposited on the zinc strip. The reaction takes place as zinc is more reactive than copper.
\(\underset { Copersulphate\\ \quad (Blue) }{ { CuSO }_{ 4 }(aq) } +\underset { Zinc }{ Zn } \rightarrow \underset { ZincSulphate\\ (Colourless) }{ { ZnSO }_{ 4 }(aq) } +\underset { Copper\\ (Red-brown) }{ Cu(s) } \)
(iii) Articles made of aluminium do not corrode even though aluminium is an active metal as a protective layer of aluminium oxide is formed over the aluminium metal.

The method of froth floatation is applied to remove gangue from sulphide ores. In this process, mineral and gangue particles are separated by first wetting the mineral particles with oil and gangue particles with water, and then the mineral particles are carried out by forming froth. Sometimes, depressants are used for separating two sulphide ores by selectively preventing one ore from forming froth. For example, NaCN is used as a depressant for separating two sulphide ores, ZnS and PbS.

(i) Maxwell's right hand thumb rule:
It's a convenient way of finding the direction of magnetic field associated with a current carrying conductor. It states that, if you hold the current carrying straight wire in the grip of your right hand in such a way that the stretched thumb points in the direction of current, then the direction of the curl of the fingers will give the direction of the magnetic field. This rule is also called Maxwell's corkscrew rule.
(ii) Fleming's left hand rule:
The direction of force which acts on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field is given by Fleming's left hand rule.
It states that, if the forefinger, thumb and middle finger of left hand are stretched mutually perpendicular to each other, such that the forefinger points along the direction of external magnetic field, middle finger indicates the direction of current, then the thumb points towards the direction of force acting on the conductor.
(iii) Fleming's right hand rule gives the direction of induced current in a coil due to it's rotation in a magnetic field. If the forefinger points in the directions of magnetic field, thumb in the direction of motion of the conductor, then the central finger points in the direction of current induced in the conductor.

(i) When the bar magnet is pushed into the coil, the galvanometer needle would show deflection.
(ii) Withdrawn from the coil, the galvanometer needle would show deflection.
(iii) When the bar magnet is kept stationary inside the coil, when the bar magnet galvanometer needle would show no deflection.

(i) True
(ii) False, the wire with green insulation is the earth wire not the live wire.

Tropic movements are directional movements which are either towards the stimuli or away from it.
(i) Phototropism: Movement is in response to light: stem positive, root negative.
(ii) Geotropism: Movement is in response to gravity: stem negative, root positive.
(iii) Hydrotropism: Movement in response to water: stem negative, root positive.
(iv) Chemotropism: Growth of pollen tubes towards ovules.
For example, the shoot usually grows in the direction of sunlight. This is called positive phototropic movement.

pH in increasing order of H⁺ion concentration is C < E < D < A < B