Butanoic acid,
\(\mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{COO}^{-} \mathrm{Na}^{+}+\mathrm{NaOH} \stackrel{\mathrm{CaO}}{\longrightarrow}  \mathrm{CH}_3 \mathrm{CH}_2 \mathrm{CH}_3+\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{CO}_3\)

ΔG^⊝ and K are related as
ΔG^⊝= -RT In K_c
When  G^⊝ > 0means ΔG^⊝ is a positive. This can be so only if 1n  K_c  is negative i.e K_c  < 1.

Molar enthalpy change for the combustion of graphite, △H = enthalpy of combustion of 1 g graphite  molar mass
△H=−20.7kJg⁻¹ × 12gmol⁻¹
=−2.48×10²kJmol⁻¹
Negative sign in the value of △H indicates that the reaction is exothermic.

In \({ PO }_{ 4 }^{ 3- }\)ion, formal charge on each O-atom of P-O
\(\text{bond}=\frac{\text{total charge}}{\text{Numbers of O−atom}}=−\frac{3}{4}=−0.75\)

S- orbital is spherical in shape, it shields the electrons from the nucleus more effectively than p-orbital which in turn shields more effectively than d-orbital. Therefore, the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) experienced by electrons present in them is d.

For g-orbitals, l = 4.
As for any value ‘n’ of principal quantum number, the Azimuthal quantum number (l) can have a value from zero to (n – 1).
∴For l = 4, minimum value of n = 5

1 mole of O₂ gas at STP = 6.022 ×× 1023 molecules of O₂
( Avogadro number ) = 32 g of O₂
Hence, 1 mole of oxygen gas is equal to molecular weight of oxygen as well as Avogadro number.