Extraction of gametes from the parents donors. lnvitro fertilisation, transfer of the zygote/early embryo into the fallopian tube.

Correct statements are as follows:
(i) Only a few STDs are completely curable that too, if diagnosed early and treated appropriately.
(ii) In ET techniques 8-Celled embryos are transferred into the fallopian tubes and more than 8-celled embryos are generally transferred into the uterus.

AIDS is a fluid transmitted disease and is considered as an STD because the probability of fluid transmission is maximum during sexual intercourse.

The chemicals that are used to kill the sperms to prevent physical meeting of sperms and eggs are called spermicides. They are available in the form of creams, jellies and foams and are applied to the uterine lining to kill the sperms.

(i) Decrease in death rate, and
(ii) increase in longevity

XY and XX

Though all persons are vulnerable to these infections, their incidence is reported to be very high among persons in the age group of 15-24 years.
Preventive measures
1. Avoid sex with unknown partners/multiple partners.
2. Always use condoms during coitus.
3. In case of doubt, go to a qualified doctor for early detection and get it completely cured.

(i) User-friendly, i.e., comfortable and easy to use.
(ii) Without any side effect.
(iii) Reversible.
(iv) Completely effective against pregnancy.

Family planning techniques are not adopted by all because of the following reasons:
(i) not fully aware of the methods.
(ii)fear of some of the possible ill-effects.
(iii)religious beliefs
(iv)emotional and social factors

The possible ill-effects include
(i) nausea
(ii) abdominal pain
(iii) break through bleeding
(iv) Irregular menstrual bleeding
(v) breast cancer

(a)Maternal Morality Rate
(b)Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
(c)Infant Morality Rate
(d)Medical Termination of Pregnancy

An ideal contraceptive should be
(i)user friendly
(ii)easily available
(iii)reversible
(iv)effective with no or least side effects.
(v)non-interfering with the sexual drive/desire and the sexual act of the user.

(i)Test-tube baby program
In this method ova from the wife or a donor female and the sperms from the husband or a donor male are allowed to fuse under simulated conditions in the laboratory.
The zygote or early embryo is implanted into the fallopian tube or uterus for further development.
(ii)Intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)
In this method the sperm is directly injected into the ovum to form the zygote and then embryo transfer is cerried out.

Implants are combinations of progestogens or estrogen-progestogen combinations, that work by
(i) inhibiting ovulation
(ii) inhibiting implantation
(iii) changing the quality of cervical mucus to retard entry of sperms.
The effective periods are much longer than those of pills.