Firms must undertake aggressive selling and promotion efforts to make customers buy what is offered to them. The fundamental assumption in this concept is that customers can be lured, coaxed and persuaded into buying. It holds that customers if left alone would not buy or not buy enough of a firm's products. Firms practising selling concept rely upon the power of advertising and other persuasion techniques to influence customers. The selling concept can be summed up in the statement 'selling what you have'. Thus, the focus here is on pushing products onto the customers by hook or by crook. The primary intention of the seller is to somehow convert goods into cash.

The two concepts are 'marketing and selling'.
Difference between selling and marketing

A label identifies the product or brand. It helps to provide identification and some information to the customers. Functions of Labelling
1. Helps in identifying the product or brand : The label helps the customers to identify the product from the various types available. For example, we can easily identify a Cadbury chocolate from the various chocolates kept in the shelf of a shop by the colour of its label.
2. Helps in grading the products into different categories : With the help of lable, products can be graded in different categories. For example, Brook Bond Red Lable, Brook Bond Yellow Label, Green Label, etc.
3. Carrier of information : The manufacturer cannot communicate to each and every customer personally. So, if he wants to communicate and each and every customer personally. So, if he wants to communicate and share some information about the product with the customer, it is done through labels. The manufacturer prints all the information related to product such as the contents, price, instructions to use, etc. For example, pack of Maggie Noodles describe the procedure of cooking noodles.
4. Legal requirement : Labelling performs the function of providing information required by law. Examples :
The statutory warning on the package of cigarette, “Smoking is injurious to Health”. In case of hazardous or poisonous material, appropriate safety warning needs to be put on the label.

Packaging and  Labelling
Packaging refers to designing and developing the package for a product. Package refers to the wrapper or container, Which not only provides protection to the product, but also acts as a promotional tool for it.
Labelling refers to designing and developing the label to be put on the package. A label is a carrier of information. It may be a simple tag or a complex graphic providing details about the product.
Branding
Branding refers to the process of giving a name, sign, symbol or a combination of all to a product for creating its identification.  It helps to differentiate the product from other products available in the market. It also helps to build customer's loyalty and promoting its sales.
Promotion
Promotion refers to the process of informing the customers about the product and then persuading them to buy it. The popular methods of promotion, personal selling and public relations.
A marketer uses the promotion mix i.e. combination of various promotional tools according to their budget, nature of customers, nature of product, coverage, cost, etc. 
Transportation
Transportation involves physical movement of goods from one place to another. While production of a good takes place at a place, its consumers are spread over a vast area. Therefore, it is necessary to make available these goods to places where they are needed.
Thus, transportation helps to create 'Place-utility'. Various factors such as nature of product, cost, location of target markets, etc are considered while taking decision regarding the mode of transportation to be used.
Storage and Warehousing
Usually, there is a time gap between production or procurement of goods and their sales. Therefore, it is necessary to make arrangement for storage of goods in the market.
It also helps to avoid delays in delivery , meeting contingencies in demand and stabilising the prices of products in the market. Thus, it helps to create 'time-utility'. It is performed by intermediaries such as wholesalers, retailers, manufacturers, etc for the marketer.
Product designing and development
The design of a product not only helps to make it attractive, but also helps in improving its performance, providing it a competitive advantage over the other products present in the market.
Standardisation and grading
Standardisation refers to the process of setting standards regarding quality, piece, packaging, technology, equipment, etc for the production of a product. This ensures uniformity and consistency product. This ensures uniformity and consistency product. This ensures uniformity and consistency in output and reduces the need for inspection, testing and evaluation of the products.
Grading is the process of classifying the products into different groups, on the basis of quality, size, features, etc.
It is necessary for such goods which are not produced according to predetermined specifications, such as agricultural goods. Grading ensures that the goods belong to a particular quality and helps the marketer to fix prices easily.
Pricing of products
Pricing refers to the process of determining the price of a product refers to the amount of money that the customer has to pay in order to obtain a product from the market.
The marketers have to analyse a number of factors such as pricing objectives, pricing strategies, demand, cost, competition, etc to decide the price of a product.
Generally, lower the price, higher would be demand of the product. Therefore, it is considered as one of the most crucial decision in marketing.
Gathering and analysing market information
In order to identify the needs and wants of customers, the marketer gathers market information. He analyses the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the enterprise. Such analysis helps the marketer to take decisions regarding diversification, improvement in product, expanding markets, etc. For this purpose, computers and online sites are increasingly used.
Marketing planning
After market research, the marketer has to develop an appropriate marketing plan to achieve the marketing objective of the organisation. It involves taking decisions as to what activities will have to be undertaken to achieve a marketing objective.
Customer support services
Customer support services refer to the after sales services, handling of complaints, credit services, maintenance services and consumer information provided along with the product to the consumers.
It aims at providing maximum satisfaction to the consumer. It helps in bringing repeated sales and developing brand loyalty for the product.
Physical distribution
Physical distribution covers all the activities required to physically move the goods from manufacturers to the customers. The two major decision areas under this Function are:
(i) Decision regarding channels of distribution.
(ii) Physical movement of goods from the place where it is produced to the place of consumption. It involves major decisions and activities like storage, warehousing, inventory control, transportation, etc.

Packaging and  Labelling
Packaging refers to designing and developing the package for a product. Package refers to the wrapper or container, Which not only provides protection to the product, but also acts as a promotional tool for it.
Labelling refers to designing and developing the label to be put on the package. A label is a carrier of information. It may be a simple tag or a complex graphic providing details about the product.
Branding
Branding refers to the process of giving a name, sign, symbol or a combination of all to a product for creating its identification.  It helps to differentiate the product from other products available in the market. It also helps to build customer's loyalty and promoting its sales.
Promotion
Promotion refers to the process of informing the customers about the product and then persuading them to buy it. The popular methods of promotion, personal selling and public relations.
A marketer uses the promotion mix i.e. combination of various promotional tools according to their budget, nature of customers, nature of product, coverage, cost, etc. 
Transportation
Transportation involves physical movement of goods from one place to another. While production of a good takes place at a place, its consumers are spread over a vast area. Therefore, it is necessary to make available these goods to places where they are needed.
Thus, transportation helps to create 'Place-utility'. Various factors such as nature of product, cost, location of target markets, etc are considered while taking decision regarding the mode of transportation to be used.
Storage and Warehousing
Usually, there is a time gap between production or procurement of goods and their sales. Therefore, it is necessary to make arrangement for storage of goods in the market.
It also helps to avoid delays in delivery , meeting contingencies in demand and stabilising the prices of products in the market. Thus, it helps to create 'time-utility'. It is performed by intermediaries such as wholesalers, retailers, manufacturers, etc for the marketer.
Product designing and development
The design of a product not only helps to make it attractive, but also helps in improving its performance, providing it a competitive advantage over the other products present in the market.
Standardisation and grading
Standardisation refers to the process of setting standards regarding quality, piece, packaging, technology, equipment, etc for the production of a product. This ensures uniformity and consistency product. This ensures uniformity and consistency product. This ensures uniformity and consistency in output and reduces the need for inspection, testing and evaluation of the products.
Grading is the process of classifying the products into different groups, on the basis of quality, size, features, etc.
It is necessary for such goods which are not produced according to predetermined specifications, such as agricultural goods. Grading ensures that the goods belong to a particular quality and helps the marketer to fix prices easily.
Pricing of products
Pricing refers to the process of determining the price of a product refers to the amount of money that the customer has to pay in order to obtain a product from the market.
The marketers have to analyse a number of factors such as pricing objectives, pricing strategies, demand, cost, competition, etc to decide the price of a product.
Generally, lower the price, higher would be demand of the product. Therefore, it is considered as one of the most crucial decision in marketing.
Gathering and analysing market information
In order to identify the needs and wants of customers, the marketer gathers market information. He analyses the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the enterprise. Such analysis helps the marketer to take decisions regarding diversification, improvement in product, expanding markets, etc. For this purpose, computers and online sites are increasingly used.
Marketing planning
After market research, the marketer has to develop an appropriate marketing plan to achieve the marketing objective of the organisation. It involves taking decisions as to what activities will have to be undertaken to achieve a marketing objective.
Customer support services
Customer support services refer to the after sales services, handling of complaints, credit services, maintenance services and consumer information provided along with the product to the consumers.
It aims at providing maximum satisfaction to the consumer. It helps in bringing repeated sales and developing brand loyalty for the product.
Physical distribution
Physical distribution covers all the activities required to physically move the goods from manufacturers to the customers. The two major decision areas under this Function are:
(i) Decision regarding channels of distribution.
(ii) Physical movement of goods from the place where it is produced to the place of consumption. It involves major decisions and activities like storage, warehousing, inventory control, transportation, etc.

(i) Cruelty towards animals and no respect for law (Child labour)
(ii) Balanced regional development: By launching a new Factory in the tribal area.
(iii) Social responsibility
(iv) Women empowerment

i) Not in the interest of society, unnecessary increase in cost.
ii) Increasing extravagancy
iii) Increasing sales volume
iv) Achieving the objectives of the business.

i) optimum utilization of resources
ii) Environment protection
iii) Increasing the cost by using boxes/containers

1. Role of marketing in a firm : It help in identifying and analyzing the needs of customers and design the prodcing accordingly.
2. Role of Marketing is an economy : People are inspired to set up enterprises for producing goods to fulfill the needs of the customers due to marketing.

Marketing is consumer oriented, it helps a firm to build goodwill in the market over period of time. By selling quality goods at reasonable price, the firm tries to earn its name in the market. Only useful goods and services and produced and sold. Basically marketing aims to building the reputation of firm through various image-building activity i.e, advertising, reasonable price, better quality etc.