(i) The diagram is proinsulin as it contains C-peptide.
(ii) Mature insulin is synthesised by removal of extra stretch called C-peptide.

A set of principles that may be used to regulate human activities in relation to the biological world are called bioethics.
These are important because the genetic modification of an organism can have unpredictable results when such organisms are introduced into the ecosystem.

Transgenic mice are used for testing the safety of vaccines.
The trials are going on for polio vaccine.

Foreign DNA is generally ligated to a plasmid and introduced in a host. As the plasmid replicates the foreign DNAalso gets replicated. When the host organism divides, its progeny also receives the plasmid with foreign DNA

Gene therapy would be a better option because it has the potential to completely cure the patient.

Yes. One can use antibody against the enzyme (that is responsible for the metabolism of phenylalanine) to develop ELISA based diagnostic technique. The patient where the enzyme protein is absent would give negative result in ELISA when compared to normal individual.

Recombinant DNA vaccine is the one that has been formed with the help of recombinant DNA and contains only immunogenic protein or other biochemical which causes development of antibodies against the disease, e.g., Hepatitis B, Influenza, B, Meningitis.

First of all traditional knowledge should be used and tested and after this the product should be refined for further use. This will lead to saving of money, time and efforts

First of all traditional knowledge should be used and tested and after this the product should be refined for further use. This will lead to saving of money, time and efforts

This can be done with RNAinterference (RNAi) technique by gene silencing. Here complementary RNA to mRNA formed by gene is introduced in the cell,where this complementary RNAwill bind to mRNA.Thus RNA becomes double stranded. It stops the step of translation. .