The two objectives of setting up Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) by the Indian Government are
(i) to make decisions regarding the validity of GM research
(ii) to make decisions regarding the safety of introducing GM organisms for public services

(i) The diagram is proinsulin as it contains C-peptide.
(ii) Mature insulin is synthesised by removal of extra stretch called C-peptide.

A set of principles that may be used to regulate human activities in relation to the biological world are called bioethics.
These are important because the genetic modification of an organism can have unpredictable results when such organisms are introduced into the ecosystem.

'Cry' is the gene that codes for Bt toxin. It is usually written in italics. On the other hand, Cry is the protein encoded by the cry genes. It is written in roman letters with first letter capital.

Gene therapy would be a better option because it has the potential to completely cure the patient.

Yes. One can use antibody against the enzyme (that is responsible for the metabolism of phenylalanine) to develop ELISA based diagnostic technique. The patient where the enzyme protein is absent would give negative result in ELISA when compared to normal individual.

Antigen-It is any foreign substance, toxin, particle or pathogen which induces the immune system of the body to produce cells and antibodies to dispose off the same.
Antibody-It is a glycoprotein or immunoglobulin that possesses specific amino acid sequences by which it can interact with a specific antigen.
Diagnostic kits
(i) ELISA for HIV :
(ii) Pregnancy test kit.

Upstream Processing. It is the start of microbial activity for an industrial process. Upstream processing includes a proper nutrient solution, a pure strain of desired microbe and optimum conditions like pH, aeration, temperature etc

Ashanti desilva in 1990 (a 4 years girl) was treated for ADA deficiency in treatment of SCID
Permanent cure can be done only if functional ADA gene is introduced in the cellsofearly developing embryo.
In above case, it was introduced into lymphocyte stem cells of patient along with helper virus. This is why,'the treatment was recurrent in nature.

Gene probe is a radioactively labelled cloned section of DNA that is used to detect identical sections of nucleic acid by means of pairing between complementary bases. In Southern blotting, DNA segments are diagnosed. In Northern blotting. RNA is identified.