Classify the following as examples of homology and analogy:
i) Hearts of fish and crocodile.
ii) Eyes of octopus and mammals.
iii) Thorns of bougainvillea and spines of Opuntia.
iv) Thorns of bougainvillea and tendrils of cucurbits

Rearrange the following to depict the correct sequence of the evolutionary record of man. Homo habilis , Ramapithecus, Homosapiens, Australopithecus, Homo erectus. Differentiate between Homo habilis and Homo erectus.

Depending upon the trait favoured natural selection can bring about three different effects. Depict the effects with the help of diagram.

“Allele frequencies in a population are stable and are constant from generation to generations”. Who proposed this principle .State the factors that are known to affect it .What do you understand by founder effect. How these five factors mentioned can cause a change in a frequency of alleles of a population?

“Giraffes who in an attempt to forage leave on tall trees had to adopt by elongation of their necks.” Make use of this statement to enumerate the main points of Lamark ’s theory and Darwin’s theory of Natural selection.

Is evolution a process or the result of a process? Name the two key concepts of Darwinian Theory of evolution.

Why small black birds later called Darwin Finches found in Galapagos Islands amazed Darwin.Which evolutionary phenomenon is represented by Darwin finches.
Give any other example of this phenomenon. When is this phenomenon indicative of convergent evolution?

Evolution is the stochastic process based on chance events in nature & chance mutation in the organism. Explain it with the help of a suitable example (industrial melanism). State any other example from every day experience.

Whales, bats, cheetah & humans shares similarities in the pattern of bones of forelimbs what do we call these structures. How these structures are pointing towards divergent evolution? Give an example from plants which represent the same pattern?

What is indicated by a cross section of earth’s crust? Name the evolutionary evidence in which different aged rock sediments containing fossil of life form are examined?

Charles Darwin during a Sea voyage round the world in a sail ship (H.M.S Beagle), concluded that there has been gradual evolution of life forms . What is his theory practically known as? Write the main points of his theory . Name a scientist who arrived to similar conclusion like that of Charles Darwin?

Stanley Miller & Urey experimentally proved the chemical evolution of life by creating condition similar to the primitive atmosphere, in the laboratory. Name the gases filled by them in the flask .In what form was the energy supplied for the chemical reaction to occur? For how long the experiments run continuously?

Name the theory of origin based on the following statement;
i) The supernatural being created the earth, light, plants, animals
ii) Unit of life called spores transferred to different planets including earth.
iii) Life arose from decaying matter like straw.
iv) First form of life could have come from pre-existing non-living organic molecules.
v) The first form of life arose slowly from non-living molecules involving evolutionary forces.

Rearrange the following statements to explain the formation of atmosphere on earth 
i) The lighter hydrogen gas escaped from the surface while oxygen combined with methane, ammonia etc to form water and carbondioxide etc.
ii) Earth cooled and water vapour fell as rain
iii) Water vapour, methane, ammonia and carbondaioxide were released from molten mass.
iv) UV rays from the sun broke up water into hydrogen and oxygen.

Comment on the similarity between the wing of a cockroach and the wing of a bird. What do you infer from the above with reference to evolution?