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Questions:

Generic 5

24 x 5 = 120

In a court of law, two couples X and Y, claim a child Z of blood group O as theirs. Couple X has man with blood group O and woman with blood group AB. Couple Y has man with blood group A and woman with blood group B. So, a geneticists helps in solving the problem but the judge ordered for use of more recent and advance techniques and then the child was handed over ultimately to couple Y.
(i) Is it a correct judgement regarding the true/biological parents of the child? Justify with your knowledge of genetics.
(ii) Name the other technique that the judge has ordered for solving this problem.
(iii) Indicate the value(s) exhibited by the judge.

ranjana and shilpi had a hot argument whether or not life is still originating on the earth today.Their neighbour Mr kamal mishra to the girl called them and explained the matter in details.
(i)As a student of biology,what is your answer to the question ? why?
(ii)Recall the experiment of Miller,which simulated the primitive atmosphere
(a)What were the products obtain his experiment
(b)How aws energy provide in experiment?
(iii)What would have energy source for orgin of life on the earth?
(iv)Indicate the value shown by Mr.kamal mishra?

Sunny was rushed to a nearby hospital after an accident, which had caused too much blood loss. The hospital failed to supply O negative blood for transfusion. Ahmed, who was attending a patient there, heard about the situation and agreed to donate blood as he had the same blood group. Sunny's mother initially refused but was later convinced by her daughter's view.
(i) Why can't O positive blood be transfused into Sunny's body?
(ii) Human blood grouping is an example of?
(iii) What values do you find in Sunny's sister and Ahmed?

On world population day, Rohit and his friends arranged an awareness campaign on population explosion programme in their locality. Some elderly people tried to stop the children and asked them not to talk about such things in public.
The children convinced the elders about the need for the programme and on understanding their point of view, the elders also joined the campaign.
(i) Why is such awareness programme necessary?
(ii) What role has the government played in controlling population explosion?
(iii) When were reproductive health programmes initiated in India?
(iv) What values did Rohit and his friends show on the occasion?

Samya visited a zoo with her mother on watching the cheetah she wondered how he uses his forelimbs for running.While the same forelimbs in bats are used for flying.she want to know about it ask her mother about it.Her mother explains different animal groups for different functions.
(i)What are such organs called?
(ii)Give an example of such organs from the plant world
(iii)What led to the origin of such organs?
(iv)What are the values shown by samya?

Your school has been selected by the Department of Education to organize and host an interschool seminar on 'Reproductive Health problems and Practices', However, many parents are reluctant to permit their wards to attend it. Their argument is that the topic is 'too embar raddling'. Put forth four arguments with appropriate reasons and explanations to justify the topic to be very essential and timely.

Kanchan went to a garden and saw some flower which were closed.She assumed that those flowers must be buds.But she was astonished to see that all the flower were closed and neither of them were open.
She was confused and asked her queries to her teacher.
(i)What do you think,are there any plants with closer flower?Give an example
(ii)Are such plants pollinated?Explain.
(iii)What are such flowers/plants called?
(iv)What values are shown by Kanchan?

Doctor are worried about antibiotics resistance in disease causing bacteria such as Mycobacterium and are using DNA fingerprinting technique for screening of resistance bacteria.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is antibiotics?
(ii) What are the possible reasons for development of resistance in bacteria to antibiotics?
(iii) How can DNA fingerprinting be helpful in controlling growth of such bacteria?

Meena was shopping wth her children in the market where she met her friend Sunita after many years. During talks, Meena asked the reason of her sadness. Sunita told that even after three years of marriage she is not able to bear child and sarcastic remarks of her in laws make her depressed. Meena consoled her and suggest her to consult doctor. After examination of reproductive systems of Sunita and her husband, doctor found no abnormalities except low sperm count of her husband and he suggested that test tube baby technique can help in fulfilling their desire of having a child.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What are test tube babies?
(ii) What is artificial insemination?
(iii) What are the possible causes of low sperm counts?
(iv) Is it right always to blame female for not bearing child?

10.

Ramu was spraying white powder in the street near the stagnant water. Anil enquired about this substance and Ramu told him that it was DDT powder which is used to kill mosquitoes. He further said that earlier this powder was very effective in controlling mosquitoes growth but now it is not so effective.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is the possible reason for ineffectiveness of DDT led to the development of resistance in the mosquitoes.
(ii) What message would you like to give to the society?

11.

One day, while returning home from school, Anil saw a crowd gathering front of Mr. Sharma's house. He asked his mother about it. She told that Mrs. Sharma gave birth to a child with small tail. Many people gathered just for curiosity and some whispered that it is a bad omen.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is your opinion about child?
(ii) What is atavism?
(iii) What will be your role as a good citizen and student of biology?

12.

Purnima visited her native village with her grandmother. In the village, she saw some ladies, even pregnant, were smoking bidies. She also saw a child cleft palate in the lap of one of the returns home. On the way, she told Dadaji that she is planning to start campaign to make these illiterate women aware about ill effects of tobacco on health.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) Is there any harmful effect of use of tobacco smoking on our health?
(ii) Explain briefly the effects of smoking on human health?
(iii) What is the effects of tobacco on next generation?

13.

One day, father complained of severe pain in the abdomen. Naresh took him to doctor for examination. Doctor diagnosed it to be a case appendicitis and advised immediate surgical removal of vermiform appendix.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is appendicitis?
(ii) What is vermiform appendix?
(iii) What value was displayed by Naresh?

14.

Roma is working woman and gave birth to a baby two weeks ago. Due to very hectic schedule, she asked her mother-in-law to feed the powdered milk to the baby. On the other hand, mother-in-law insisted on breastfeeding.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) In your opinion who is the right Roma or her mother-in-law?
(ii) Why is breastfeeding important?
(iii) What health problem can mother face in case she does nor breastfeed the baby?

15.

Ramesh got a job in Mumbai but his family was still living in the village. One day, he received a letter from his father stating that he is planning marriage of her sister who will be fifteen years old in March. Ramesh did not like the idea of his father of arranging plan of his sister till she attains age of 18 years.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) In your opinion, who is right Ramesh or his Father?
(ii) What is the right age of marriage for girls?
(iii) What are the risks involved in early marriage?

16.

Arun read in the newspaper about the presence of harmful levels of DDT in human beings.He failed to understand the reason for this and discussed this issue with his biology teacher who explained to him the reasons.
Read the above passage and the answer the following questions:
(i) What is the reason for high concentration od DDT in human beings?
(ii) What is biomagnification?
(iii) What value is displayed by Arun's biology teacher?

17.

Amit's mother, one day while reading a newspaper, asked about ozone hole in the stratosphere.Amit explained that the thick ozone layer in the stratosphere is decreasing and this is a cause of worry for scientists.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is ozone hole?
(ii) Why is ozonosphere important for us?
(iii) Which factor is mainly responsible for ozone hole?
(iv) What value is displayed by Amit?

18.

Arun invited his uncle to Delhi to stay with him.He arranged a tour to various historical places and markets in Delhi.In the evening,Uncle told him that he liked the places he visited but throughout the day he had problem in breathing and expressed that the air seemed to be polluted and it was not good for the society
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What is pollution?
(ii) What are pollutants?
(iii) List different types of pollutions.
(iv) Why did uncle show his concern about polluted air?

19.

Janaki's mother went to see her maid who recently gave birth to a baby, Janaki,s mother gifted maid a set of clothes for the new born and advised her to get the child vaccinated timely but maid replied that she was very poor and cloud not afford the cost of vaccines.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What are vaccines?
(ii) Name two vaccines given to new born babies.
(iii) How did Janaki's mother help the maid to get her new born vaccinated free of cost?

20.

After consuming sugarcane juice from a roadside vendor, Monu suffered from cough. His mother advised him to cover his nose while coughting and sneezing.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) Why did Monu fall ill?
(ii) Why did his mother advise him to cover his nose while coughting and snazing?

21.

Grandfather advised his grandson Manoj that he must his wash his hands before meals and he always followed his advice. This habit helped in protecting him from a number of infectious diseases. In contrast, his friend seldom bothered to wash his stands and frequently suffered from one or the other disease and therefore, was very weak physically as well as in studies.
Read the above passage and answer the following questions:
(i) What happens when we wash our hands?
(ii) Name two diseases from which you can get protection by washing hands?
(iii) What values are displayed by grandfather?

22.

Priya's aunt gave birth to a child with cleft palate. Being a student of biology, Priya was curious to know the reason for this abnormality. So, she discussed this matter with her biology teacher. Teacher explained to her that it is a genetic disorder which is due to the defect in one of the chromosomes of the child.
(i) What are genetic disorders?
(ii) What are the possible causes of genetic disorders?
(iii) As a student of biology, how would you create awareness in society about these disorders?

23.

Anil got selected in Indian Forest Service examination and was asked to appear before medical board to check his medical fitness for this service.On examination, doctor found him suffering from colour blindness.Knowing this, he consulted his family doctor to know about the reason when none of his family members was so. Doctor explained that it is due to sex linked inheritance.
(i) What is colour blindness?
(ii) What is sex linked inheritance?
(iii) As a student of biology, what would you suggest to Anil so that his children are not colour blind?

24.

One day, while remembering about earlier time, Monu's grandfather told him that the country has made tremendous progress in the field of food grain production after green revolution. He further told that earlier we used to import wheat from other countries to feed the huge population.
(i) What is green revolution?
(ii) How was it achieved?
(iii) What value is displayed by grandfather?

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Answers Key:

Generic 5

24 x 5 = 120

(i) yes, the judgment is correct.
Couple X has blood groups O (man) and AB (woman).
Their genotypes and the progeny are as follow:

Thus Couple-X cannot have a child of O group blood, Couple Y has blood group A (man) and b (woman); since the child is O group (ii), both these parents must be heterozygous, i.e. man (I^Ai) and woman (I^Bi).The cross is shown below:

It is possible that child with O-group blood is produced by couple Y.
(ii) DNA-fingerprinting is another technique to solve the paternity cases.
(iii) The judge wanted to be very sure of the parents before pronouncing his judgment; he made his self conscience satisfied.

(i)There is no origin of the life on earth today,because
(a) the atmosphere is oxidising and any moledule form with oxidised
(b)any molecule form devoured by other organism
(ii)(a)Amino acids
(b)Energy was provided
by an electric discharged
by heating the water chamber
(iii) Sunlight,UV rays and lightning
(iv) His knowledge desire to disseminate the knowledge and the concern for his neighbours

(i) O⁺ blood group contains antigen for Rh factor. Rh^- blood lacks the antigen, so if the two blood mix, it will cause clotting resulting in death of the patient.
(ii) Multiple alleles.
(iii) Sunny's sister shows understanding of science and Ahmed believes in helping a person in need without thinking about which religion or caste he belongs to.

(i) To understand the problem faced by the family and the nation due to increasing population and the benefits of having a small family.
(ii) Role of Government in controlling population explosion are:
(a) Creating public awareness through mass media.
(b) Education at all Levels.
(c) Family planning.
(d) Increasing marriageable age (18 for girls and 21 for boys)
(iii) In India, these programmes called 'family planning' were initiated in 1951.
(iv) Rohit and his friends showed understanding about the problem of population explosion, teamwork, and motivational capacity.

(i)such organs called homologous i.e organs of different species which look different perform different function but have the similar basic structure and embroyonuc orgin
(ii)Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of cucurbita are homologous organs in plants
(iii)Divergent evolution
(iv)samya is inquisitive, intelligent and observant

The arguments that can be put forward to justify the topic are:
(i) Reduce misconceptions and increase accurate knowledge Students have various wrong and inaccurate information about sex-related and pubertal issues. Accurate knowledge will help them cope up with their bodily changes and hormonal effects easily.
(ii) Clarify and strengthen positive values and attitude It is only through healthy discussions that students can realize that women are not the weaker sex because of their body structure. Such discussions will inculcate a feeling of equality amongst both sexes.
(iii) Increase communication with parents or other trusted elders These seminars open up students to consult their elders in case of confusion and doubt. It will make them understand that reproduction is a normal phenomenon and there is nothing inappropriate in discussing it with elders.
(iv) Increase the skills and thinking needed to make informed decisions and act upon them Out of curiosity, students are often seen getting involved in drug use, unhygienic and unsafe sexual activities, etc. increasing the risk of STDs and other diseases. making them well informed through such seminars well help them to take correct decisions.

(i)Yes, there are plants with closed flower eg:Oxalis
(ii)Yes,such flower undergo self-pollination,The pollen from the anthers of same flower are transfered to the strigma of the same flower.
(iii)Such flower are called clistogamous flower
(iv)Kanchan is very curious about nature,active and lively in her life

(i) Antibiotics are the chemicals produced by bacteria which hinder growth of other microbes.
(ii) Indiscriminate and overuse of antibiotics are possible reasons for development of resistance in bacteria to antibiotics.
(iii) DNA fingerprinting is used to identify the antibiotic for which bacterium is resistant. This technique helps in selection of the right antibiotic for treatment.

(i) Test tube babies are the produced by artificial insemination.
(ii) Artificial insemination is the technique for improving the chances of fertility in which husband's semen is collected, concentrated and introduced into the wife's vagina artificially
(iii) Use of alcohol, drugs and smoking may cause decreases in sperm counts.
(iv) No, many times defects in reproductive organs of male partner are responsible for not conceiving.

10.

(i) Higher doses and indiscriminate use of DDT led to the development of resistance in the mosquitoes.
(ii) Chemicals such as fertilizers and insecticides etc. should be used judiciously.

11.

(i) Actually, the child is normal and carries the vestigial organ, i.e., remnant of last vertebra.
(ii) It refers to the reappearance of structures that were dominant in our remote ancestors.
(iii) As a good citizen and a biology student, I will educate people about vestigial organs and phenomenon of atavism so that they stop believing in myths.

12.

(i) Yes, It effects not only health of smoker but also persons around the smoker.
(ii) Smoke contains toxic gasses and tar which is not good for health and may cause cancer of oral cavity and respiratory.
(iii) Long use of tobacco product may damage the genetic material and as a result malformed infants may be formed in women who use tobacco products regularly.

13.

(i) Appendicitis is an inflammation of vermiform appendix.
(ii) It is a vestigial organ in human beings and has no function in our body.
(iii) Naresh was concerned about the health of his father.

14.

(i) Her mother-in-law is right that mother should breast feed her baby.
(ii) Mother's milk perfect food for infants. It protects infants from intestinal and other bacterial infections.
(iii) It may disturb hormonal balance in the body of the mother and she may develop breast cancer.

15.

(i) Ramesh is right in this matter as early or child marriage can endanger the life of girl.
(ii) 18 years
(iii) The reproductive organs of girls below 18 years are not fully prepared for pregnancy. Also, early pregnancy may have serious harmful effects on the health of the young mother.

16.

(i) DDT is a non-biodegradable insecticide which, through agricultural run off, reaches water bodies and enters the food chains. During this process, the concentrations of DDT goes on increasing at each trophic level.The fishes are finally consumed by man, raising DDT concentration in the human beings.
(ii) The phenomenon of increase in the concentration of harmful non-biodegradable substances at successive trophic levels is known as biomagnification.
(iii) Arun's teacher explained to Arun the reasons of biomagnification of non-biodegradable substances and their harmful effects in humans.

17.

(i) Ozone hole refers to a decrease in the thickness of ozonesphere over a restricted area.
(ii) Ozonesphere protects all types of life on earth from harmful effects of UV radiations.
(iii) Chloroflurocarbons.
(iv) Amit was concerned about alterations in the environment due to various antropogenic activities and wanted to create awareness in the society

18.

(i) Pollution may be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological aspects of environment which makes it harmful for humans, for other living organisms and for cultural assets.
(ii) Pollutants are the substances or energies present in the environment in harmful concentrations.
(iii) Air, water, noise, radioactive, thermal and land pollution.
(iv) Uncle was concerned about the well being of the society.

19.

(i) Vaccine are weakened or dead pathogens injected into a person to make him/her immune.
(ii) Small pox, Polio
(iii) Janaki's mother advised the maid to get her child vaccinated at nearby health centre free of cost.

20.

(i) He consumed uncovered food products and drinks which got contaminated by pathogenic microbes.
(ii) This practice helps in preventing spread of infectious diseases.

21.

(i) It removes pathogenic organisms from our hands.
(ii) Amoebiasis and Ascariasis may be caused by eating food with dirty hands.
(iii) Grandfather passed good habits to the younger generation so that children remain healthy.

22.

(i) Disorders which occur due to the changes in the chromosomes or genetic material.
(ii) Genetic disorder may occur due to change in chromosomes number, chromosomal aberrations and mutuations.
(iii) Giving scientific explanation, I would try to create awareness by telling people not to match horoscope for selecting marriage partners. Instead, they should match doctors medical reports to avoid genetic disorders in future generation.

23.

(I) Colour blindness is a genetic disorder in which sufferer in not able to distinguish between red and green colour.
(ii) Genes responsible for these traits are located on sex chromosome.
(iii) Anil should marry a normal girl who is not carrier for this trit.

24.

(i) Tremendous increase in food grain production using high yielding varieties and fertilizers.
(ii) In India, it was achieved by introducing high yielding varieties of wheat developed by transferring desirable genes from exported to local varieties in 1963 under the guidance of scientists.
(iii) His concern about food security and progress of nation.