(i) Europe is much smaller than Asia. The continent lies to the West of Asia.
(ii) The Arctic Circle passes through it.
(iii) It is bound by water bodies on three sides.

(i) Australia is the smallest continent that lies entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.
(ii) It is surrounded on all sides by oceans and seas. It is called the Island Continent.

The four major oceans of the world are the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean in order of their size.

The three chief movements of ocean water are waves, tides and ocean currents.

The increase in the amount of CO₂ leads to increase in global temperatures. This is termed as Global Warming.

The difference between isthmus and strait is as follows:
Isthmus It is a narrow strip of land that joins two landmasses. North America is linked with South America with a narrow strip of land called Isthmus of Panama.
Strait It is a narrow stretch of shallow water, which connects two large water bodies like seas and oceans. The Palk strait divides India and Sri Lanka.

The major portion of water is present on the Earth in salty form. The large per cent of fresh water is present in the form of ice sheets and underground water, only 0.03 per cent is available as fresh water for our use. This is the reason behind shortage of water on the earth.

The level of sea water remains the same everywhere in the world. The elevation of the land is measured from the level of sea, which remains always same and taken as zero.

The reasons behind fast removal of soil from slopes are given below:
(i) Cutting of plants for fulfilling our demands.
(ii) Clearing land for agriculture.

The indented and irregular coastline provides ideal condition for harbours and ports, which makes the region suitable for carriage of goods and transportation. Therefore, Atlantic ocean is the world's busiest ocean in terms of commerce.

The Equator passes on by the countries- Republic of Congo, Uganda and Kenya.
The tropic of cancer passes on through the countries-Morocco, Libya, Algeria and Egypt. The tropic of capricorn passes on through the country South Africa.

The major part of the landmass lies in the Northern hemisphere, hence, it is called the Land hemisphere.

The different layers of atmosphere are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere.

The major continents of the earth are Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia, Europe and Antarctica.

The strait that lies between India and Sri Lanka is Palk strait.