(i) Weather: The day to day condition of the atmosphere at a place with respect to the temperature, rainfall etc. is called weather.
Climate: The average weather pattern taken over a long time is called the climate of the place.
(ii) Weather changes are observed in two different geographical areas as one area, i.e., Rajasthan is hot and dry with minimum rainfall at the same time Shillong situated as North-east part of India receives rain for a major part of the year so temperature does not rise high.
(iii) Energy absorbed from Sun and reflected by earth surface, oceans, mountains, atmosphere.
(iv) Apparently, it seems that Rohit is missing the nice climate of Shillong but actually like animals human being also are supposed to adjust in variable climate and weather for their survival. So, Rohit is happy in his own place.

Adaptations of polar bear:
(i) White fur: This blends with the snowy white background. This adaptation protects the polar bear from predators. It also helps in catching the prey.
(ii) The fur has two layers which protects the bear from cold.
(iii) In addition to fur a thick layer of fat present under skin insulates the body from cold.
(iv) It can close its nostrils by doing so it can remain under water for long period.
(v) It has strong sense of smell that helps in locating the prey from a distance.
(vi) Its paws are flat which helps to walk in snow.
(vii) It has small ears that help it to retain as much heat as possible.

(i) Its body is white coloured from the underside and merges well with the white background of snow.
(ii) It has thick skin and a lot of fat to protect it from cold.
(iii) Penguins huddle together. This they do to keep warm.
(iv) Penguins have streamlined body and their feet have webs, which makes them good swimmers.

All changes in the weather are caused by the sun. The energy sent out by the sun is so huge that it is the source of all heat and light on the earth. Energy absorbed and reflected by the earth surface, oceans and the atmosphere play an important role in determining weather of any particular place.

To escape the harsh winter conditions of polar regions birds travel to warmer place in winter. This movement of birds is termed migration. During migration the birds fly high where wind flow is helpful and the cold conditions allow them to disperse the heat generated by their flight muscles. How these birds travel to the same place year after year is still a mystery. These birds have built in sense of direction and they know which direction to travel. Many birds are guided by sun during day and by stars during night. Some ornithologists suggest that the birds may use magnetic field of the earth to find the direction.

(i) It has a big trunk which is used for two purposes-as a nose and for picking up food.
(ii) Its tusk can tear bark of trees. The elephant thus does not face problem as far as availability of food is concerned.
(iii) It has large ears which can hear small sounds. The large ears also help the elephant to remain cool in the hot and humid climate of the rainforest.

(a) Table showing the reading of temperature from the graph:

(b) The highest temperature is seen on 3rd November, 2014.
(c) The lowest temperature or minimum temperature was seen on 06th November, 2014.

(a) Evergreen rainforest with the greatest variety of plants are seen in equational region.
(b) In tropical regions, vegetation varies from broad leaves evergreen trees to tropical deciduous trees to grassland.
(c) The plants in the arid of desert regions have modified leaves covered with hair or waxy coating and an extensive root system.
(d) Conifers are maintained and adapted to withst and snow fall and shortage ofwater in colder belt.
(e) Anand is observant and sincere boy. He is not afraid to ask question in the class.

(a) Rohan observed a camel in the desert of Rajasthan.
(b) The hump stores fat which provides camel with food in times of food shortage.
(c) The feets of camel has large soles which help it to walk on soft sond.
(d) Camel can drink a very large quantity of water at a time which is stored in its stomach. It sweats very little which helps it to conserve water. Also it excretes very little water in the form of urine.
(e) Rohan is observant, curious and adventurer. He asks intelligent questions.