(i) There are several instances when the media fails to focus on issues which are important for us. For example, Drinking water is a major problem in the country, every year, thousands of people suffer due to lack of safe drinking water. Media does not focus on this issue.
(ii) The media focuses (on) such issues like the fashion week which provide(s) them huge money.
(iii) But it did not reports the demolition of slums in Mumbai at all as the slum dwellers did not pay them.
(iv) As citizens of a democracy, the media has a very important role to play in our lives because it is the media which highlights the burning issues.

Slash and Burn is a way of cultivating land where farmers clear a piece of land by slashing or cutting down trees and bushes. These are then burnt, which releases the nutrients into the soil. Now crops are grown in this cleared field for a few years.

Many new ideas about education and learning emerged in the 19th century. Many schools opened and many communities sent their children to school. But, even now there was opposition to girl education. Many men and women made efforts to open schools for girls and struggle for girls continued.

(i) Our Constitution says that there should be no discrimination on the basis of gender (male or female).
(ii) In reality, inequality between the sexes exists.
(a) The government recognises that burden of childcare and housework falls on women and girls.
(b) This naturally has an impact on the girls attending the school.

(i) We go to market to buy many things.
(ii) They are vegetables, soap, toothpaste, masala. bread, rice, daal, clothes, notebooks, biscuits etc.
(iii) The list of our purchases is really long.

(i) To provide good health care we need good number of hospitals, primary health care centre, dispensaries and family welfare centres.
(ii)We need good doctors, trained nurses and staff.
(iii)We need medicines and related equipments.
(iv)We need medical colleges to train doctors.
(v)We need to provide free health check-ups and diagnostic centre.
(vi) Special campaigns like pulse polio or immunisation campaigns should be promoted.

Current issues are discussed in the Assembly and decisions are taken on various issues.
During this time MLAs can express their opinion and ask questions related to the issue. They may give suggestions about running of the government.
Those who wish can respond to the same. The concerned ministers reply to the questions and assure the assembly about the steps taken by the government about a issue.

(i) Today we are surrounded by advertisements everywhere like on television, listen to them on radio, see them on the streets and in newspapers and magazines.
(ii) Taxis and rickshaws carry advertisements on them.
(iii) When we go to cinemas, advertisements are shown before the film begins and on the Internet, they often pop-up on visiting different websites.

(i) Erode's bi-weekly cloth market in Tamil Nadu is one of the largest cloth markets in the world.
(ii) A large variety of cloth is sold in this market. Cloth that is made by weavers in the villages around is also brought here for sale.
(iii) Other traders from many South Indian towns also come and purchase cloth in this market.

The place where a building or a settlement develops is called its site. The natural conditions for selection of an ideal site are:
(i) favourable climate,
(ii) availability of water,
(iii) suitable land and
(iv) fertile soil.

(i) Paper was used by people to write holy text, letters and teachings of saints, ruler's chronicles, petitions and judicial records and for maintaining accounts and taxes.
(ii) Manuscripts were collected by wealthy people, rulers, temples and monasteries. These manuscripts were placed in libraries and archives that provided a lot of details to historians.

In town
Technological Changes Buses, cars, bikes, bicycles, auto-rickshaw are seen and people uses mobile telecommunication. Houses are tall, beautiful.
Economic Changes People are busy in money making by taking different professions.
Social Changes No jati, sub-caste, Jati Panchayat is seen, equality to all is maintained by the state. Rule of law and not the rule of king is there.
Cultural Changes People follow Western culture, dress code is changed. People speak English or Hindi.
In village
Technological Changes Peasants use improved seeds, fertilisers, machines to cultivate. Tractors are used in fields. Mobile phones are used.
Economic Changes People now sell their produce in near by market. Cash crops are more widely grown.
Social Changes People now can eat, talk, sit with any caste, whosoever. Jati Panchayat is not so powerful than judicial court.
Cultural Changes People now talk usually in Hindi, not their particular dialect. Health and hygiene are taken care of.

Jahangir showed great respect and gratitude for the loyalty that Mehrunnisa or Nur Jahan showed towards him. He married Nur Jahan in 1611 and she remained extremely loyal and supportive to the monarch. In his time Jahangir introduced silver coins bearing his own titles on one side and on the other the inscription, "struck in the name of the Queen Begum, Nur Jahan." According to historians, Empress Nur Jahan became the real power behind the throne and competently ruled on behalf of the king.

The tribes were the societies who did not follow the social rules and rituals prescribed by the Brahmanas nor were they divided into numerous unequal classes. The area and influence of a tribe varied at different points of time. They loved to settle away from towns and civilisation and usually lived in forests, hills, deserts and places difficult of reach.The tribes retained their freedom and preserved their separate culture in various ways.

No, not at all, this does not pose any challenge to national integration. Unity in diversity is a special feature of India. Indians may belong to different regions, cultures, castes, and creed. But this does not signify that they all are different people. They are all one and are proud of being Indians. Our Constitution does not discriminate us on the basis of caste, religion, and sex. There is no official religion.
At times, social conflicts erupts, but they are sorted out in an amicable way. Whenever there is the external threat, all Indians come together. The unity of India was seen during the freedom struggle, during external aggression where it is from Pakistan or China.

There were three kinds of taxes during Delhi Sultanate. These were
(i) Tax on cultivation (known as kharaj) which was about 50 percent of the peasant's produce.
(ii) Tax on the cattle
(iii) Tax on houses
At the time of Alauddin Khalji, the state brought the assessment and collection of land revenue under its own control. Thus, the rights of the local chieftains to levy taxes were cancelled and they were forced to pay taxes.

The two major cities under the control of the Chahamanas were Delhi and Ajmer.

The affairs of jatti were regulated in the following ways
Jatis were grouped or divided as per their family backgrounds and occupations that their family carried on. People had to accept these rules.
Jatis were the sub-castes as per the power, influence and resources controlled by members of the Jati. 
An assembly or group of elders was responsible for enforcing these regulations and were Called as Jati Panchayat. 
However, the Jati or caste of one area varies from that of other areas in many aspects.

The term 'Hindustan' has changed over the centuries in the following ways
For the first time, in the 13th century, Minhaj-i-Siraj used the term 'Hindustan'. By 'Hindustan' he meant the areas of Punjab, Haryana and the land between Ganga and Yamuna rivers.
The poet Arnir Khusrau used this term in his poems  14th century.
In the 16th century, Babur used the term to describe the geography, the fauna and the culture of the inhabitants of the subcontinent.
Important point is that the term 'Hindustan' did not carry the political and national meanings as we use it today.

Soil - It is the soil where plants are grown.
Soil - To make something dirty.
Example Soil- Fertile soil is required for good crop Soil- I do not want you soiling your hands with this Sort of work.
Copy- A thing that is made to be the same as something else.
Copy- Written material that is to be printed In a newspaper, magazine etc.
Example: I will send you a copy of the report. The subeditor prepares the reporter's copy for the paper.