Irrigation is essential for increasing the crop production.
However, there are certain climatic factors which make it essential:
(i) Uneven rainfall:
Though the rainfall is abundant in India, it is not uniformly distributed over the year. Most of it occurs over a period of four months. Besides this, it is also not evenly distributed over the whole country.
(ii) Erratic monsoon:
The monsoons are quite erratic. Sometimes, they are late, sometimes inadequate and sometimes there are long dry spells

In agricultural activities, lots of water is used for various purposes. It is mainly used for irrigating fields. Due to illiterate and ignorant farmers, lot of water is wasted
To reduce water wastage, we can take the following steps:
(i) We can make lining in the canal to minimise water loss through seepage. 
(ii) For irrigating the crops, we can use sprinklers which control the loss of water by seepage and evaporation.
(ii) In dry areas, drip or trickle irrigation must be practised.

Organic Farming:
Organic Farming is a sustainable farming system which maintains the long term fertility of the soil and uses less of the earth's finite resources to produce high quality nutritious food.

Green Revolution:
Green revolution refers to the tremendous increase in agricultural production which was possible due to the adoption of new agricultural strategies.

Nomadic herding:
In Nomadic herding, herdsmen move from place to place with their animals for fodder and water along defined routes. Sheeps, camels, yaks, and goats are most commonly reared by herdsmen.

(i) In Shifting Cultivation, a patch of land is cleared by cutting and burning the trees.
(ii) Farming depends upon monsoons, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of the other environmental conditions.
(iii) Per hectare productivity is very low, as farmers do not use manure, fertilizers or other modern inputs.

1. An Indian farmer generally leads a poor life. He grows at least two crops in a year. He still uses traditional methods of farming. Some rich farmers plough their field with the help of tractor. Generally, all the family members help the farmers in various farm activities. Sometimes, they take loan from bank or agricultural cooperative society to buy HYV seeds and implements. He sells his products in the nearby mandis or to the middlemen or to the cooperative societies.
2. An American farmer is more advanced in agricultural activities. He commercialises his farm activities. They plan a scientific fertiliser programme and link their computers with the satellite, which gives the precise picture of their field. This helps them to use chemical fertilisers and pesticides whenever they are required. They use advanced technique of agriculture. Grains are stored in automatic grain storage systems or despatched to market agencies.

The differences between manures and fertilizers are:

The three traditional irrigation methods are as follows:
i) The buried clay pot or pitcher methods is one of the most efficient traditional systems of irrigation.
ii) Bamboo irrigation system, which is 200 years old system of irrigation.
iii) To dug a hole in ground and fill it with water and connect it with pipes to irrigate the field.

Different crops are grown in different regions because growing of crops depends upon the geographical conditions, demand of produce, labour and level of technology.

In India, agriculture is a primary activity because two-third of India's population still depends on agriculture. We all know that agriculture includes growing of crops, fruits, vegetables, flowers and rearing livestock.

The fibre crops are cotton and jute.
The favourable climatic conditions are as follows:
Cotton
i.It requires high temperature, light rainfall, 210 frost free days and bright sunshine for its growth.
ii.It grows best on black and alluvial soils.
Jute
i.It requires high temperature, heavy rainfall and humid climate.
ii.It grows well on alluvial soil.

Factors influencing agriculture are:
i. Topography of soil
ii. Climate

The science and art of cultivation on the soil, raising crops and rearing livestock is called agriculture.