(i) After the revolt, the British thought the major factor of the revolt was the ratio of Europeans and Indian sepoys in the army.
(ii) After the revolt, the number of European troops were increased and artillery and other weapons were placed under the European troops.
(iii) To curb the unity among Indian troops, the new army was organized on division and counter poise.

Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi wanted the East India Company to recognise her adopted son as the heir to her kingdom after her husband's death. This demand was refused by the Company.

(i) The pay and other allowances in the army are very low. There is also a discrimination between the British soldiers and the Indian soldiers regarding pay scale.
(ii) The British do not have any respect for Indian religious sentiments and beliefs.
(iii) The service conditions in the army are very harsh. Thus, it is not easy for Indians to cope with it.
(iv) There is a chance that Indians may be posted outside India, but this is against Hindu religious sanction to cross the sea and go to Europe.

The economic causes which led to the revolt of 1857 are as follows :
(i) The British encouraged the imports of British Goods to India.
(ii) Due to the introduction of clothes made in England, the Indian Handloom industry was adversely affected.
(iii) Many craftsmen and artisans were thrown out of employment.
(iv) The new plantation system brought misery for the peasants.
(v) The new land revenue system was impoverished on the peasants.
(vi) Zamindars and Taluqdars were displaced.

The soldiers who mutinied in Meerut rushed to Delhi and forced the Mughal king to give his backing to the revolt.
His writing a letter to all the chiefs to revolt was significant, as troops mutinied and joined other troops at nodal points like Delhi, Kanpur and" Lucknow.
Seeing this, the people of the towns and villages revolted and rallied around local leaders, zamindars and chiefs who were prepared to establish their authority and fight the British.
These leaders included Nana Saheb (Kanpur), Rani Lakshmibai (Jhansi), Begum Hazrat Mahal and Birjis Oadr (Lucknow), Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah (Faizabad), Bakht Khan (Bareilly) and Kunwar Singh (Bihar), among others. The British troops were outnumbered and were defeated in a number of battles.

British introduced the enfield rifles in the army, whose cartridge had a greased paper cover and its end was to be bitten off before loading it in to the rifle. The cartridge was greased with the fat of pigs and cows. The news about greased cartridges spread like wild-fire and became the immediate cause of revolt.

The following rights were granted to the Indian Princes and Chiefs.
(i) The British government declared that all the treaties and agreements would be honoured.
(ii) The Doctrine of Lapse was abandoned.
(iii) The Indian Princess were assured that their territories would never be annexed.
(iv) The right to adoption was recognized.