(i) Wells
(ii) Canals
(iii) River lift system
(iv) Tanks.

1. Macro-nutrients: They are the chemical elements required by plants such as carbon, hydrogen, qxygen, nitrogen, physphorus, potassium and sulphur.
2. They are called major or macro-nutrients because they are required in large quantities.

Macro-nutrients: Nutrients which are utilized by plants relatively in large quantities are called macro-nutrients.
For example: Nitrogen, Phosphorus.
Micro-nutrients: Nutrients which are utilized by plants relatively in small quantities are called micro-nutrients.
For example: Zinc, Copper.

Biotic factors such as diseases, insects and nematodes, and abiotic factors such as drought, sdalinity, water ligging, heat, cold and frost cause stresses on the crop plants. This result in decrease of crop production. Sometimes these stresses under different situations may cause destruction of the whole crop.

(i) Higher yield
(ii) Improved quality
(iii) Biotic and maturity duration
(iv) Change in maturity duration
(v) Wider adaptability
(vi) Desirable agronomic characteristics.

(i) Number and quality of chicks;
(ii) Dwarf broiler parent for commercial chick production;
(iii) Summer adaptation capacity/tolerance to high temperature;
(iv) Low maintenance requirements;
(v) Reduction in the size of the layer with ability to utilize more fibrous cheaper diets formulated using agricultural by-products.

(i) Number and quality of chicks;
(ii) Dwarf broiler parent for commercial chick production;
(iii) Summer adaptation capacity/tolerance to high temperature;
(iv) Low maintenance requirements;
(v) Reduction in the size of the layer with ability to utilize more fibrous cheaper diets formulated using agricultural by-products.

Fertilizers are commercially produced plant nutrients. They supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They are used to ensure good vegetative growth, giving rise to healthy plants.
The two examples of fertilizers are:
1. Urea
2. Superphosphate (NPK)
Different between Fertilizer and Manure:

Fertilizers are commercially produced plant nutrients. They supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. They are used to ensure good vegetative growth, giving rise to healthy plants.
The two examples of fertilizers are:
1. Urea
2. Superphosphate (NPK)
Different between Fertilizer and Manure:

1.The ground water is constantly used for irrigation and for human use sufficient rainwater is not avail to recharge the ground water.
This situation has occured due to deforestation and axing the trees in urban and rural areas Trees facilitate to seep rainwater into sail that reaches to ground water reserviour .Trees check the speed of flowing rainwater .Thus,they provide sufficient time to perculate in to the soil.
2. We can reground water bycharge  
(a) afforestion planting more trees in urban and rural areas and (b) resitriction  on cutting trees.
(b) Building small chevk-dams which stop the rainwater from flowingaway and lead to an increase in ground water levels.
3. (i) We can organise campaigns for crediting  awarness among masses about the value of ground water level, methods that can be used to recharge ground water level,methods(ii) that can be used to recharge ground water and stop depletion of ground water.
(ii) With the help of teaches we can make soak pits to recharge ground water with the rainwater.

The various factors responsible for grain loss during storage are:
(i) Biotic factors: Insects, Rodents (mice), Birds, Fungi, Bacteria, Mites, ect.
(ii) Abiotic factors: Inappropriate temperature, moisture, moisture contents of seeds, dampness of storage godown ect.
The above factors cause loss in weight, degradation in quality, discolouration of produce ect.
Measures for safe storage of grains: 
(i) Drying: Grains to be stored ideally should contain below 9% water content/moisture. When grains are harvested, usually contain 15 to 35% moisture. These freshly harvested grains are dried under the sun and then in shade to reduce the moisture content. Commercially grains are dried by mechanical driers with hot air blowing process.
(ii) Maintenance of hygiene: Grains should be kept in godowns that
(a) are very clean and do not have garbage, refuse, webs etc.
(b) do not have cracks, holes in walls, floor and ceilings.
(c) have clean and fresh gunny bags or are well treated with fumigate or dried under sun.
(d) have earthen pots, if to be used for storage, well cleaned and properly exposed to sun before use.
(iii) Prophylactic treatment: Godowns, gunny bags to be used for storage must be properly treated with fungicides, insecticides and other required pesticides by dusting, spraying or fumigation. Insecticides and fungicides should be mixed with grains that .are to be used for seed sowing.
(iv) Use of improved structures: Structures such as Pusa Bin, Pusa Cubicle, Pusa Kothar and Pant Kuthla can be used for storage purpose.
(v) Treatment of the surface area of the store house should be done by spraying mixture of BHC WP (50%), Pyrethrum (2.5 EC) and Malathion (50 EC) for controlling pests.
(vi) Fumigation of the store houses by chemicals such as aluminium phosphide tablets should be done.

The various factors responsible for grain loss during storage are:
(i) Biotic factors: Insects, Rodents (mice), Birds, Fungi, Bacteria, Mites, ect.
(ii) Abiotic factors: Inappropriate temperature, moisture, moisture contents of seeds, dampness of storage godown ect.
The above factors cause loss in weight, degradation in quality, discolouration of produce ect.
Measures for safe storage of grains: 
(i) Drying: Grains to be stored ideally should contain below 9% water content/moisture. When grains are harvested, usually contain 15 to 35% moisture. These freshly harvested grains are dried under the sun and then in shade to reduce the moisture content. Commercially grains are dried by mechanical driers with hot air blowing process.
(ii) Maintenance of hygiene: Grains should be kept in godowns that
(a) are very clean and do not have garbage, refuse, webs etc.
(b) do not have cracks, holes in walls, floor and ceilings.
(c) have clean and fresh gunny bags or are well treated with fumigate or dried under sun.
(d) have earthen pots, if to be used for storage, well cleaned and properly exposed to sun before use.
(iii) Prophylactic treatment: Godowns, gunny bags to be used for storage must be properly treated with fungicides, insecticides and other required pesticides by dusting, spraying or fumigation. Insecticides and fungicides should be mixed with grains that .are to be used for seed sowing.
(iv) Use of improved structures: Structures such as Pusa Bin, Pusa Cubicle, Pusa Kothar and Pant Kuthla can be used for storage purpose.
(v) Treatment of the surface area of the store house should be done by spraying mixture of BHC WP (50%), Pyrethrum (2.5 EC) and Malathion (50 EC) for controlling pests.
(vi) Fumigation of the store houses by chemicals such as aluminium phosphide tablets should be done.

Crop Rotation: The growing of different crops on the same field or a piece of land in a pre-planned succession is called crop rotation.
Selection of crops for crop rotation: Selection of crops depends on the -
(i) Moisture conditions i.e., availability water through rain or irrigation.
(ii) Length of rainy season.
(iii) Type of soil and nutrient status.
(iv) Availability of inputs-fertilisers, pesticides, manpower and machine power.
(v) Duration of crop-short or long.
(vi) Risk involved i.e., marketing and processing facilities.
For example, rabi crops of mustard, chickpea, linseed, barley, sunflower, and wheat are grown on conserved moisture.
In areas with assured soil moisture throughout the year, depending other inputs, rice, wheat, sugarcane, potato, and barseem are some of the major components of crop rotation.
Farmers near cities and towns prefer to grow vegetables and flowers for higher income.