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Published on: 18/09/2019
Work and Energy
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1.
The heart does 1.5J of work in each heart beat.How many times per minute does it beat if its power is 2 watt?
2.
The work done by the heart for each beat is 1 joule.Calculate the power of the heart if it beats 72 times in a minute.
3.
A man does 50 J of work in 5 seconds. What is the power?
4.
Two masses m and 2m are dropped from heights h and 2h.On reaching the ground, which will have a greater kinetic energy and why?
5.
What kind of energy transformations takes place when a body is dropped from a certain height?Explain.
6.
Can you say if the following objects have energy? If they do, identify whether the energy is kinetic, potential or combination of the two:
(i) ceiling fan which has been switched off.
(ii) A man climbing a hill.
(iii) A flying bird.
(iv) Water in the reservoir of a dam.
(v) A spring expanded beyond its normal shape.
(vi) A rubber band lying on a table.
(vii) A stretched rubber band lying on the ground.
7.
Find the momentum of a body of mass 100g having kinetic energy of 20J.
8.
Calculate the kinetic energy of a ball of mass 10 g and momentum 100 g cm/s.
9.
What change should be affected in the velocity of a body to maintain the same kinetic energy if its mass is increased four times?
10.
State two factors on which the kinetic energy of a moving body depends.
11.
If the work done by a force in moving an object through a distance of 40 cm is 48.4J, what is the magnitude of the force ?
12.
The work done on a body of mass 10 kg to lift it through a certain height is 490J.Calculate the height through which the body is lifted.Take g = 9.8 m/s2.
13.
Determine the work done in pushing a cart through a distance of 50 m against the force of friction equal to 150 N.
14.
A pair of bullocks exerts a force of 140N on a plough.The field being ploughed is 15 m long.How much work is done in ploughing the length of the field?
15.
Seema tried to push a heavy rock of 100 kg fro 200 s but could not more it.Find the work done by Seema at the end of 200 s.
1.
Work done in each beat= 1.5 J
Time taken, t = 1 min = 60 s
Power, P = 2 W = 2 Js-1
Total work done = P x t = 2 Js-1 x 60 s = 120 J
Number of times heart beats per minute=Total work done/Work done in each beat = 120/1.5 = 80 times.
2.
Work done by the heart per beat = 1J
Work done by the heart in 72 beats, W = 1 x 72 = 72 J
Time taken, t = 1 min = 60 s.
Power P = W/t = 72J/60 s = 1.2W
3.
Here W = 50 J, t = 5 s
Power P = W/t = 50 J/5 s = 10 W
4.
K.E. of mass m=P.E. lost by mass m = mgh
K.E. of mass 2m=P.E. lost by mass 2m
= 2m x g x 2h = 4mgh.
Hence, mass 2m will have a greater kinetic energy on reaching the ground.
5.
As the body falls, its potential energy gradually changes into kinetic energy.On reaching the ground, the whole of its potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy.But when the balls strikes the ground, the kinetic energy is converted into sound, light and heat.When the ball strikes the ground, the kinetic energy is converted into sound, light and heat.
6.
All these objects possess energies of the following forms:
(i) potential
(ii) both kinetic and potential
(iii) both kinetic and potential
(iv) potential
(v) potential
(vi) potential
(vii) potential
7.
m = 100 g = 1/10 kg, K.E = 20 J
K.E = 1/2 mv2
20 = 1/2 x 1/10 x v2
v2 = 400 or v = 20 m/s
Momentum, p = mv = 1/10 x 20 = 2 kg m/s.
8.
m = 10 g, p = 100 g cm/s
p = mv
v = p/m = 100/10 cm/s = 1/10 m/s
K.E.= 1/2mv2 = 1/2 x 10/1000 x (1/10)2J = 5 x 10-5J
9.
K.E.= 1/2mv2.If mass is increased four times, the velocity must be reduced to half to maintain the same kinetic energy.
(K.E.= 1/2mv2 = 1/2 x 4m(v/2)2 = 1/2mv2)
10.
(i) K.E. of a body is directly proportional to its mass.
\(K.E.\alpha m\)
(ii) K.E. of a body is directly proportional to the square of its velocity.
\(K.E.\alpha { v }^{ 2 }\)
11.
W = 48.4J, s = 40 cm = 0,40 m
Force F = W/s = 48.4J/0.40 = 121 N
12.
Here m = 10 kg, W = 490J, s = ?
W = F s = mg x s
s = W/mg = 490/10 x 9.8 = 5m
13.
Here F = 150N, s = 50m
Work done, W = F s = 150 N x 50 m = 7500 J
14.
Here, Force(F) = 140N, Displacement (s) = 15m
Work done, W = Fs = 140 N x 15 m = 2100 J
15.
Zero, because displacement of the rock is zero.
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