Importance of Forests
(a) Forests are renewable resources
(b) They play a major role in enhancing the quality of environment
1. They modified local climates
2. They control soil erosion
3. They regulate stream flow.
4. They support a variety of industries
5. They provide livehood for many communities
6. They also offer panoramic or secnic view for recreation
7. They control wind force and temperature and cause rainfall
8. They provide humus to the soil
9. They provide shelter to the wildlife

Ten occupations getting raw materials from forests and wildlife

Endangered species of plants and animals
(i) Nearly 1200 species of plants are endangered and 20 species are extinct
(ii) Quite a few animal species are also endangered
(iii) They are endangered because of the following reasons
(iv) Hunting of birds and animals by man for reaction and commercial purpose.
(v) Pollution due to chemical and industrial waste.
(vi) Acid deposits.
(vii) Introduction of foreign species
(viii) Reckless cutting of forests to bring land under agriculture, inhabitation, and industries.
(ix) Activities of poachers and smugglers.

(a) Different types of Vegetation
1. Tropical rain(evergreen)forests
2. Tropical deciduous forests
3. Tropical thron forests and scrubs
4. Montane Montanets
5. Mangrove forests
(ii) Vegetation of high altitudes(Montane Vegetation)
(iii) High altitudes, generally more than 3600 meters above sea level, temperature forests and grasslands give way to the Alpine vegetation
(iii) Silver fir, junipers, pines, and breaches are the common trees of these forests
(iv) Through shrubs and scrubs, they ultimately merge into Aloine grasslands.
 1. These grasslands are used extensively for grazing by nomadic tribes like the Gujjars, Backrwals.
 2. At higher altitudes, mosses and lichens form part of tundra vegetation
(v) Common animals are Tibetan antelope, Kashmir stag, spotted deer, wild sheep, jack, rabbit, yak, snow leopard, squirrels, shaggy horn wild ibex, rare red panda etc.

(i) The sandy soil of the desert support cactus and theory bushes
(ii) Wet,marshy,deltaic soils support magrove and tidal forests.
(iii) The hill slopes of mountains with some depth of soil have conical trees.
(iv) Fertile alluvial soil is good for agriculture.

(i) The sandy soil of the desert support cactus and theory bushes
(ii) Wet,marshy,deltaic soils support magrove and tidal forests.
(iii) The hill slopes of mountains with some depth of soil have conical trees
(iv) Fertile alluvial soil is good for agriculture.

Importance of wildlife: Wildlife is a natural gift to us. This gift is only for us but for our future generations too.
1. But in present times excessive cutting of forests,hunting and poaching have led to the depletion of wildlife in our country.
2. In order to use them for ourselves and for future generations,we have to conserve them.
3. Some of the valued species of wildlife are facing extinction such as the lion,the tiger,the indian bustard,the elephant,the rhinoceros,the peocock etc. Hence,there is a prime need for conserving wildlife

Sparse,scanty and throny vegetation occur in the regions of less rainfall.
Examples:North western part of the country .(West Gujarat,wet Rajasthan and west Haryana)

90000 species

Twelve