Indian judiciary is considered one of the most powerful in the world because
(i) Mode of appointment and removal of Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts makes Indian judiciary powerful.
(ii) Our Constitution has laid down very high and specific qualifications for the appointment of judges like 
(a) Well versed in the law.
(b) 10 to 5 years of experience as an advocate and a judge of High Court respectively.
(iii) Our judiciary is independent of legislative and executive control. It can take decisions independently.

Three legislative powers of the President of India are
(i) The President is not a member of either house of the Parliament. But she is an integral part of the legislative process. She plays an important role in making of laws.
(ii) The President has the power to dissolve the Lok Sabha. She can summon joint sitting of both houses of Parliament.
(iii) The President has the power to send messages to either house of the Parliament either regarding any pending bill or any other matter.

After election results, when there is no single party which enjoys the majority support of the members of the Legislature, two or more parties come together and form the government. Such a government is known as the coalition government. The three constraints or limitations on the powers of Prime Minister of the coalition government are
(i) The Prime Minister has to accommodate different groups and factions in his party as well as his alliance partners.
(ii) He has to pay attention to the views and 'positions of his coalition partners for the survival of his government.
(iii) The agenda and policies of the government are usually decided as a common minimum programme which includes all the views and demands of coalition partners.

The points tabulated below distinguish Political and Permanent executive

Lok Sabha exercises supreme power in the following ways
(i) Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the houses but in the case of conflict, view of Lok Sabha prevails because it has a large number of members.
(ii) Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget or any other money related law, Rajya Sabha cannot reject it.
The Rajya Sabha can delay it for a maximum of 14 days or suggest changes in it which may or may not be accepted by the Lok Sabha.
(iii) Most importantly, the Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. If the majority of the Lok Sabha members say that they have no confidence in the Council of Ministers, then all the ministers including the Prime Minister have to resign.
Thus, it can be concluded that Lok Sabha is more powerful that Rajya Sabha.

Lok Sabha exercises supreme power in the following ways
(i) Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the houses but in the case of conflict, view of Lok Sabha prevails because it has a large number of members.
(ii) Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget or any other money related law, Rajya Sabha cannot reject it.
The Rajya Sabha can delay it for a maximum of 14 days or suggest changes in it which may or may not be accepted by the Lok Sabha.
(iii) Most importantly, the Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. If the majority of the Lok Sabha members say that they have no confidence in the Council of Ministers, then all the ministers including the Prime Minister have to resign.
Thus, it can be concluded that Lok Sabha is more powerful that Rajya Sabha.

The argument given by Srinivas is not correct. After hearing arguments of both the sides the supreme court declared the order of the Government of India on reservations as valid. Agreeing with the valid order of the government does not mean that the judiciary is not independent. Moreover, the Supreme Court directed the government to modify its original order. This also proves that judiciary is independent.

No, Every memorandum is not a major political decision.
The Memorandum in question was different because it was a very important decision and became a source of controversy for several years for the next few months, this was the most hotly debated issue in the country.

(a) Original jurisdiction : any case which can originate or start directly in the Supreme Court. Some of the Example is violation  of fundamental rights , disputes between Central Government  and state government , or disputes between two different  states.
(b) Appellate Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court acts as the highest Court of appeal against judgment of lower courts of any High court and District Courts.
(c) Advisory jurisdiction : The Supreme Court has the advisory jurisdiction on the matters referred to it by the President .the Supreme Court gives its advice to the President on the Constitutional  matters and interpretation when latter requires.

When a bill goes through the Parliament and receives th eassent of the President, it becomes a law.