(a) The distribution of workforce in different sectors shown above indicates that over the period 1972-2018:
(i) People have moved from self-employment and regular salaried jobs to casual wage work, yet self-employment continues to be the major employment provider.
(ii) The proportion of casual wage labourers has been increasing during this period.
(b) Yes, indeed the above trend indicates the moving of self-employees and regular salaried employment to casual wage work. This above process of movement indicates 'casualisation of workforce'.

(a) 'Worker-population Ratio' is an indicator/ratio which is useful in knowing the proportion of population that is actively contributing to the production of the goods and services of a country.
(b) (i) Looking at the table given above we find that for every 100 persons, about 35 are workers in India.
(ii) In urban areas the proportion is about 34, whereas in rural areas the ratio is about 35.
(iii) Compared to females, more males are found to be working. The difference is very large in urban areas as for every 100 urban females only about 14 are engaged in some economic activities. In rural areas, for every 100 rural women about 18 participate in the employment market.

(a) Indeed there has been a change in the structure of workforce in India. Some of the noticeable changes are:
(i) Newly emerging jobs are found mostly in the service sector.
(ii) It is the expansion of the service sector alongwith the advent of the high technology which now permit very often fhe highly competitive existence for efficient small scale and individual enterprises, side by side with MNCs.
(b) Outsourcing is an important outcome of the globalisation process. In outsourcing, a company hires regular service from external source mostly from other countries.