Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
A woman unable to conceive after many years of regular unprotected coitus went to specialised infertility clinic. On complete examination, woman was found to be normal while male partner was diagnosed with infertility. Male partner is unable to copulate the female. Couple was advised to opt for assisted reproductive technology (ART).
(i) Which ART could have been useful for this couple?

(ii) In which of the following infertility issues could this technique be used?

(iii) Which among the following techniques is useful to conceive when there is very low sperm count?

(iv) Assertion: Artificial insemination (AI) is intra-uterine insemination.
Reason: In AI, sperms collected from donor are introduced into the uterus.

(v) Success rate of artificial insemination technique is

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below :
Riya studies in II standard in a government schooL She belongs to a backward family and her parents did not get her properly vaccinated according to immunisation programme. Once while playing in school playground she fell down due to weakness and developed high fever, headache and stiffness in her neck. Identify the illness she could be suffering from and answer the following questions.
(i) The microbe responsible for Riyas illness could be

(ii) Which vaccine, if administered earlier, would have saved Riya from the illness she unfortunately contracted?

(iii) The disease that Riya has contracted spreads through

(iv) Riya can spread her illness to other children through

(v) Assertion: Polio produces inflammation of the nervous system.
Reason: Stiffness of the neck, paralysis of particular skeletal muscle is an important symptom of polio.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
The given graphs show fluctuations in blood sugar of person X and Y during a 24 hour time period.

Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Which of the following holds true for person X?

(ii) The given graph indicates that person Y is suffering from

(iii) Which of the following conditions are common in person Y?

(iv) A person suffering from diabetes mellitus becomes weak because

(v) Assertion: Type I diabetes involves failure of insulin to facilitate the movement of glucose into cells.
Reason: Type II diabetes is caused by failure of beta cells to produce adequate amount of insulin due to beta cell depletion.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below :
Turner's syndrome is an example of mono somy. It is formed by the union of an allosome free egg and a normal 'X' containing sperm or a normal egg and an allosome free sperm. The individual has 2n = 45 chromosomes (44 + X0) instead of 46. Such individuals are sterile females who have rudimentary ovaries, under developed breasts, small uterus, short stature, webbed neck and abnormal intelligence. They may not menstruate or ovulate. This disorder can be treated by giving female sex hormone to the women from the age of puberty to make them develop breasts and have menstruation. This makes them feel more normal.
(i) Number of Barr body present in a female with Turner's syndrome is

(ii) Turner's syndrome is an example of

(iii) Turner's syndrome is a/an

(iv) Which of the following statements regarding Turner's syndrome is incorrect?

(v) Assertion : Turner's syndrome is caused due to absence of anyone of the X and Y sex chromosome.
Reason : Individuals suffering from Turner's syndrome show masculine as well as feminine development

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Aditya went to his hometown located in countryside along with his parents during his summer vacations. His grand parents' house is surrounded by farmland from all sides. Lots of crops were growing nearby and Aditya was very excited to visit the crop fields. He seeked permission from his mother to play in farmland along with his friends and then went to play in the fields. On returning back he had running nose, watering eyes and continuous sneezing which was very frequent. The symptoms worsened with time. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) What could be the possible reason for Adityas condition?

(ii) How can allergy be diagnosed in a person?

(iii) The symptoms which Aditya developed on account of being allergic are consequence of

(iv) Name the type of allergy that Aditya developed.

(v) Assertion: Hay fever is the form of allergy due to pollens of grasses and other plants.
Reason : Hay fever symptoms are due to release of histamines and often respond well to treatment with antihistamines.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to  (v) given below:
A group of teenagers was involved in drug abuse. They used syringes and needles to inject drugs. They indulged in this habit when they became adults. Administration of drug through needles became a piece of cake for them. Raj was the most active drug abuser amongst them and used to take drugs in high profile parties. In a span of time he started losing weight and suffered persistent diarrhoea. He developed constant low grade fever and used to catch opportunistic infection. When he consulted a doctor, he got himself tested for HIV in his blood and finally diagnosed with AIDS.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions.
(i) Select the incorrect statement.

(ii) How do you think Raj got AIDS infection?

(iii) How AIDS can be diagnosed?

(iv) How can AIDS be prevented?

(v) Select the correct statement for AIDS virus.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Kangaroo rat seldom drinks water. It has thick coat to minimise evaporative desiccation. The animal seldom comes out of its comparatively humid and cool burrow during the day time. 90% of its water requirement is met from metabolic water (water produced by respiratory breakdown of fats) while 10% is obtained from its food. Loss of water is minimised by producing nearly solid urine and faeces. As the animal faces acute water scarcity, it develops two types of adaptations: reducing water loss and ability to tolerate desert conditions.
(i) Kangaroo rat is a

(ii) Metabolic water refers to

(iii) Desert animals minimise water loss by

(iv) Assertion : Kangaroo rat can tolerate and thrive in wide temperature range and is known as stenothermal.
Reason: Kangaroo rats go into hibernation during winter to escape cold weather.

(v) The adaptations in an organism are meant for

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Age sex structure of a population can be depicted in the form of a pyramid by plotting the percentage of population of each sex in each age class. Two age sex pyramids are as follows.

(i) Which of the following is correct regarding pyramid B?

(ii) Total number of individuals of a species per unit area per unit time is called

(iii) Which of the following is correct regarding age sex pyramid A and B?

(iv) A population with a large proportion of older individuals than younger ones will likely to

(v) Assertion: Bell shaped age pyramid represents a stable population.
Reason : In a stable population, proportion of individuals in reproductive age group is higher than the individuals in pre-reproductive age group.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Ananya is a biologist, her research guide assigned project, i.e., to determine the effect of intra-specific competition on the growth of sapling of Eucalyptus. For this, she designed an experiment in which two sets of pots were used. In the first set (set A) only 1 sapling was planted per pot and in the other set (set B) 16 saplings were planted per pot. To check for the effect of intra-specific competition on allocation of resources, a decreasing amount of water was added to each set. The results have been graphically indicated. Which of the following conclusions can indicated as follows:

(i) Which of the following statements can be concluded from the given study?

(ii) Which of the following associations is an example of competitions?

(iii) If '+ ' sign is assigned to beneficial interaction, '-' sign to detrimental and 0 sign to neutral interaction, then the population interaction of competition refers to

(iv) Intraspecific competition is more severe due to

(v) Assertion: Two members of a competing species may co-exist.
Reason: Different individuals of a species have different resource requirements.

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
The Kakapo is the world's largest and heaviest parrot, found only in New Zealand. It is unusual in that it is nocturnal, flightless and ground-dwelling. It is an excellent climber of trees, has strong legs that allow it to "jog" several kilometres in a single trip, and has mossy green plumage mottled with brown and yellow. The Kakapo is also critically endangered as of now, there were only few known living individuals left.
(i) Which could be the possible reason for Kakapo to be well-adapted to its environment prior to the arrival of humans in New Zealand?

(ii) When humans started to settle in New Zealand, they took with them non-native animals, including mammals such as cats, dogs and stoats. By which of the following ways, human settlement likely contributed to a near decimation of Kakapo populations in New Zealand?

(iii) All known survived Kakapo have been relocated by the New Zealand government to three predator-free islands, where they are monitored year round by staffs and volunteers to ensure that the birds are safe, healthy and well-fed. The extremely low population of Kakapo is a hurdle to the species becoming viable in the long term, despite such dedicated conservation efforts. This is because

(iv) The reasons behind conserving biodiversity have been grouped into which of the following categories?

(v) One of the ex situ conservation methods for endangered species is

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Non-native or alien species are often introduced in advertently for their economic and other uses. They often become invasive and drive away-the local species. Exotic species have proved harmful to both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. For example, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was introduced in Indian waters to reduce pollution. It was clogged water bodies including wetlands at many places resulting in death of several aquatic plants and animals.
(i) Island water ecosystem are the most vulnerable due to

(ii) Which of the following is not an alien species?

(iii) Second major cause of species extinction is

(iv) Assertion: Eichhornia crassipes drains off oxygen from water and can be seen growing in standing water.
Reason: Eichhornia crassipes is an indigenous species of India.

(v) The population of species P in a certain community was constant until a population species Q from a distant land was subsequently introduced into that community. The interaction between the two populations is reflected in the graph below.

What could be the possible reason for the decrease in the population of species P over a number of days?

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Golden rice was engineered from normal rice by Potrykus and Beyer in the 1990s. The typical golden colour is due to the production of \(\beta\) carotene a precursor of vitamin - A. Golden rice differs from its parental strain by the addition of three \(\beta\) carotene genes. These included two genes from daffodil plant and third from a bacterium. The incorporation of these genes allows the rice plant to modify certain metabolic pathways in its cells to produce \(\beta\)-carotene.
(i) Due to genetic modification golden rice plants produce and store \(\beta\) - carotene in

(ii) Transfer of genes to produce golden rice is achieved by

(iii) In golden rice two genes were taken from

(iv) Golden rice is helpful to fight against disease caused by the deficiency of

(v) Golden rice was genetically engineered by

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Transgenic cows have extra gene or genes inserted into their DNA. Firstly the genes for the desired product is identified and sequenced. Then a gene construct containing this desired gene is introduced into female cow cells. Transgenic bovine cells are selected and fused with bovine oocytes that have had all of their chromosomes removed. Once fused with the oocyte, the transgenic cells chromosomes are reprogrammed to direct development into an embryo which can be implanted into a recipient cow. The resulting transgenic cow only express the trans gene in her milk. This is because expression of the trans gene is controlled by a promoter specific to lactating mammary cells. The first transgenic cow was 'Rosie:
(i) The gene construct with desired gene is introduced into female cow cells by

(ii) Production of transgenic cow fulfill the objective of

(iii) The name of first transgenic cow is

(iv) Transgenic cow is produced through the implantation of _____containing transgene into recipient cow.

(v) Assertion : Transgenes only express in the mammary glands of transgenic cow.
Reason : Transgenes are present in chromosomes of every cell in transgenic cow

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Within a region, species richness increases with increasing explored area, but only upto a limit. The given graph explains this relationship.

(i) What does the given figure show?

(ii) Equation for relationship (A) between species richness and area is

(iii) What is the value of slope of line or regression coefficient Z for frugivorous birds?

(iv) The shape of curve for relationship between species richness and areas for wide variety of taxa is

(v) Who gave this concept of increase in species richness with increasing offered area?

Read the following and answer any four questions from (i) to (v) given below:
Insulin used to cure diabetes was earlier extracted from pancreas of slaughtered cattle and pigs. Insulin extracted from an animal source, though caused some patients to develop allergy or other types of reactions to the foreign protein. Human insulin consists of two short polypeptide chains: chain A and chain B, that are linked together by disulphide bridges. In mammals including humans, insulin is synthesised as a pro-hormone which contains an extra stretch called the C-peptide. This C peptide is not present in mature insulin and is removed during maturation into insulin.
(i) Identify A in the given figure.
 
 

(ii) The following is a list of some stages involved in producing human insulin from genetically engineered bacteria.
1. The bacteria are cultured in a fermenter for large scale production.
2. Recombinant insulin is extracted from the bacterial cells that expresses insulin gene.
3. The same restriction enzyme is used again to cut the bacterial plasmid for insertion of the human insulin gene.
4. Bacteria take up the plasmid carrying the insulin gene.
5. A restriction enzyme is used to cut human DNA to extract the insulin gene.
Select the correct order of these stages.

(iii) To insert the insulin gene into bacterial DNA, both the bacterial plasmid and the human chromosome containing the insulin gene are treated with the same restriction enzyme. Using the same restriction enzyme ensures that

(iv) Why is the fermentor important for the production of human insulin by transgenic bacteria

(v) A bacteriologist carries out his first attempt at engineering E.coli with the gene for human insulin. During the process, he realises that his stock of DNA ligase has depleted but decides to continue anyway. What is a likely consequence of his decision?