Motivation is necessary for the following reasons:
(i) It helps to improve the performance level of employees.
(ii) It helps to change negative attitude of employees to positive attitude.
(iii) It helps to reduce employee turnover and absenteeism 

Difference between directing and supervision

Directing takes place at every level of management. every manager, from top executive to supervisor, performs the function of directing. Thus, directing takes place, wherever superior -subordinate relations exist

Psychological barriers
The state of mind both sender and receiver affect the process of communication. e.g. a worried or angry person cannot communicate effectively.
Some are listed below:
(i) Lack of attention: When the receiver's mind is pre-occupied, He fails to understand what is being said. e.g. a worker explains some problem to his superior. The supervisor is pre-occupied with a telephone call and does not grasp the message
(ii) Loss by transmission and poor retention: When communication passes through various levels. it may result in a loss by transmission. sometimes, poor retention of people due to lack of interest and attention leads to miscommunications.
(iii) Distrust: When the sender and the receiver do not believe each other, the message may not be understood in its original sense

Leadership may be defined as the process of influencing the behaviour of people by making them strive voluntarily towards the achievement of goals.
Certain qualities of traits possessed by individuals help them to become successful leaders These qualities are
I) Physical qualities: A good leader must possess a good height, weight, height and appearance. Health and endurance help a leader to work hard and inspire others also to do so.
2) Knowledge: A good leader should have required knowledge and competence so that he can influence others.
3) Integrity: A leader should possess high level of integrity and honesty so that he can be a role model to others
4) Initiative: A leader should have courage and initiative to do things on his own, rather than waiting for others to do it first.
5)  Communication skills: A leader should be a good communicator. He Should be able to clearly explain his views to others. He should not only be a good speaker But a good listener, researcher and counsellor.
6) Motivation skills: A leader should understand the needs of his employees and motivate them by satisfying their needs
7) Self-confidence: A leader should have a high level of confidence. He should not lose confidence even in the most difficult times.
8) Decisiveness: A leader must be decisive in the sense that once he has taken a decision, he should be firm on it
9) Social skills: A leader should be sociable and friendly with his colleagues and followers so that he can understand them and their needs.

Principles of directing provide good and effective directing. Following points will illustrate the same :
(i) Appropriatesness of directin technique - According to the principle, a manager must use appropriate leadership and motivational techniques to direct diverseindividuals according to their needs, capabilities and attitudes.
While some individuals get motivated by financial incentives, other might look for non-financial incentives. to improve performance
(ii) Effective leadership - Managers should act as leaders, so that they can influence the activities of their subordinates withouts dissatisfying them. As leaders, they should guide and council sub-ordinates in their personal problems too. so that they can win the confidence of their subordinates.
(iii) Managerial communication - A good system of communication between the superior and his subordinates helps to improve mutual understanding upward communication enables a manager to understand the sunordinates and gives an opportunity to the subordinates to get s proper feedback.

The various important elements of the directing function of management are:
(a) Supervision. Not in syllabus.
(b) Leadership. Leadership may be defined as the process of influencing other people to work willingly for group objectives. The leadership process has four main elements. It is a process of influence. Its purpose is to influence the behaviour of followers. It involves interaction between two or more people. It implies pursuit of common goals.
(c) Motivation. Motivation may be defined as the process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals. It involves arousing needs and desires in peopIe to initiate and direct their behaviour in a purposive manner. Motivation is a psychological phenomenon which arises from the feeling of needs and wants of individuals. It causes goal directed behaviour.
(d) Communication. Communication is the process of transmission of message, information, etc. and creation of understanding between two parties. It involves sending a message to another, who receives the message and responds to it. Effective communication takes place when the received message is understood in the same sense by the receiver as the sender intends. The essential features of communication are the following:
(i) Communication always involves two parties.
(ii) Communication is a two-way process.
(iii) Communication is a pervasive function and occurs at all levels of an organisation.