The three major functions of Election Commission of India are
(i) Election commission takes decisions on every aspect of conduct and control of elections.
(ii) It implements the code of conduct and can punish any candidate or party that violates it.
(iii) It controls the government officers who are posted on the election duty.

Universal Adult Franchise
Right to express one's choice by vote is called Franchise. When the right to vote or franchise is given to every adult in a state, it is known as the Universal Adult
Franchise.
Reasons for Adopting in India
In India, elections are held on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise. To elect their representatives, elections are held from time to time. In India, we have indirect democracy. The government is run by the representatives, who are elected by the people. Every citizen of India, who has completed 18 years of age, has been given the right to vote irrespective of his caste, religion, sex etc.
Everybody, whether he is rich or poor, young or old, man or woman, learned or illiterate should have equal voice in our democracy. 'One person, one vote' makes our government responsible to all citizens.

Election held after every five years is termed as general election.

No, communal electorate is not a feature of election system in India.

Chaudhary Devi La! formed the new party, Lok Dal.

There are many limitations and challenges to Indian elections.
These include:
(i) Candidates and parties with a lot of money may not be sure of their victory but they do enjoy a big and unfair advantage over small parties and independent candidates.
(ii) In some parts of the country, candidates with criminal connection have been able to push others out of the electoral race and to secure a 'ticket' from major parties.
(iii) Some families tend to dominate political parties; tickets are distributed to relatives from these families.
(iv) Very often elections offer little choice to ordinary citizens, for both the major parties are quite similar to each other both in policies and practice.
(v) Smaller parties and independent candidates suffer a huge disadvantage compared to bigger parties.

Every candidate has to make a legal declaration, giving full details of:
(i) Serious criminal cases pending against the candidate,
(ii) Details of the assets and liabilities of the candidate and his or her family; and 
(iii) Education qualification of the candidate.
This information has to be made public.

The country is divided into different area for purpose of elections on the basis of population. These areas are called electoral constituencies.

Election campaign:
She should ensure that election campaign is fair and peaceful.
1. Caste and religion are not used in the campaign
2. The ruling party does not make use of official machinery in the election campaign.
3. Election posters are not put on the walls of the buildings.
4. Money or other things like wine and other articles (saris, sewing machines, food grains etc.) are not distributed in the election campaign.
5. She should see that no one threatens the voters.
6. No party or candidate should use any place of worship for election propaganda.