Kanchipuram Silk, Tanjavore dancing doll, Madurai malli.

Protocol for virus free meristem tip culture
                             \(\downarrow\)
Apical meristem tip with 1 or 2 leaf primordia are excised in sterile condition from the explant
                             \(\downarrow\)
In vitro culture in 10 ml of solid MS medium supplemented with growth hormones
                             \(\downarrow\)
Cultures are maintained at 24±1°C in dark for 3 days followed by normal illumination of 2400Lux
                             \(\downarrow\)
Plantlets developed from meristem tip culture after organogenesis process, transferred to hardening process
                             \(\downarrow\)
Transferred to field condition

Secondary Metabolites	Medicinal use
Capsaicin	Rheumatic pain treatment
Vincristine	Anti-carcinogenic
Quinine	Anti-malarial

1. The growing of cells including the culture of single cells or small aggregates of cells in vitro in liquid medium is known as cell suspension culture.
2. The cell suspension is prepared by transferring a portion of callus to the liquid medium and agitated using rotary shaker instrument.
3. The cells are separated from the callus tissue and used for cell suspension culture.

Artificial Seed
1. Artificial seeds or synthetic seeds (synseeds) are produced by using embryoids (somatic embryos) obtained through in vitro culture.
2. They may even be derived from single cells from any part of the plant that later divide to form cell mass containing dense cyptoplasm, large nucleus, starch grains, proteins, and oils etc.
3. To prepare the artificial seeds different inert materials are used for coating the somatic embryoids like agrose and sodium alginate.

Basic concepts of Tissue Culture
Basic concepts of plant tissue culture are totipotency, differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation.
Totipotency
The property of live plant cells that they have the genetic potential when cultured in nutrient medium to give rise to a complete individual plant.
Differentiation
The process of biochemical and structural changes by which cells become specialized in form and function.

Redifferentiation
The further differentiation of already differentiated cell into another type of cell. For example, when the component cells of callus have the ability to form a whole plant in a nutrient medium, the phenomenon is called redifferentiation.
Dedifferentiation
The phenomenon of the reversion of mature cells to the meristematic state leading to the formation of callus is called dedifferentiation. These two phenomena of redifferentiation and dedifferentiation are the inherent capacities of living plant cells or tissue. This is described as totipotency.

Bioethics refers to the study of ethical issues emerging from advances in biology and medicine. It is also a moral discernment as it relates to medical policy and practice.

(a) Dimethyl sulphoxide
(b) Glycerol

(a) Callus is a mass of unorganized growth of plant cells or tissues in in vitro culture medium.
(b) The callus cells undergoes differentiation and produces somatic embryos, known as Embryoids.

The property of live plant cells that they have the genetic potential when cultured in nutrient medium to give rise to a complete individual plant.